1. Panel Session on “Promoting tools for balanced mobility”
The International Asia-Europe Conference on Enhancing Balanced Mobility
5-6 March 2012, Pullman Bangkok King Power Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand
Panel Session on “Promoting tools for balanced mobility”
The Importance of “Permeable” Framework in Asian Higher Education: Introduction of ACC1 (Asian common credit) and three new challenges
Taiji Hotta, Ph.D
Hiroshima University, Japan
All opinions in this presentation are solely my own view and do not represent any policy of the Japanese government

2. Why need a Permeable Framework for Mobility?
Globalization = More Mobility of people in the world
However, many differences among nations which are good, but also problematic in some cases
Unfair/wrong judgment about student’s credentials acquired from different system/nation
This is largely due to the lack of readable, comparable and compatible information (Permeability) on education among different institutions
Thus, a permeable framework of higher education is needed for Europe and Asia to promote balanced mobility
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

3. 1 2 3 4 5 Development of common educational frameworks
ERASMUS2→Bologna Process in Europe:
Promotion of student mobility in the region with ECTS3, learning outcomes, 2 cycle system, diploma supplement etc. 1
Development of UMAP4 since 2000 with UCTS5
-the USCO6 Exchange program in Asia and Pacific 2
Development of AUN7 & M-I-T8 Project with ACTS9
-Two exchange programs among the ASEAN nations 3
Development of ACTS10 under ACD11 since 2008
-Regional in East, Southeast, South, Central and Middle East nations 4
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
Development of “Campus Asia” 12 in East Asia
-China, Korea and Japan’s student exchanges with QA 5

4. Background of recent researches & Presentation
“A study on ACTS and credit transfer systems of ASEAN+3 nations” (a mission research of the Ministry of Education, Japan) was conducted during February-March, 2010
Initial findings of this research was presented at the “ASEM Seminar on Credits and Learning Outcomes”, Berlin, in 2010
“A Comparative Table of 13 Asian Countries” & 7 country reports were posted at;
in early 2011
Four proposals for further discussion in Asian region were presented at the “International Symposium on Exchange among Universities with Quality Assurance in East Asian Region”, Tokyo, in September 2011
Now, applying a grant for the research of 25 Asian nations’ comparative study
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

5. 1 2 3 4 Common Tendencies in Asia (Part 1)
1 credit = hours of teaching
The number of teaching hours is more commonly used for counting credits than the amount of student workload. 1
4 year bachelor’s programs
Except Malaysia and Laos. Medicine and engineering require 5-6 years 2
120 to 150 credits for a (4 years) bachelor’s degree. 3
Estimated student workload is hours/credit
(Based on # of hours/credit in internship, lab work and field work)
China ( ), Japan (45), Cambodia (45), Indonesia (46), Malaysia (40), the Philippines (51), NTU in Singapore (39), Thailand (45) 4
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

6. 5 6 7 Common Tendencies in Asia (Part 2)
Two semester system and weeks of instruction per semester.
However, the majority are between weeks to teach per semester 5
More use of absolute grading than relative grading
However, grading policies vary from institution to institution and even from department to department 6
Two general patterns of academic calendar
However, academic calendar greatly varies from institution to institution and from nation to nation (See next chart)
Brunei Darussalam, China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia. Laos, Singapore and Vietnam
Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand 7
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

7. A comparative chart of academic calendars in Asia
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Japan
South Korea
China
Indonesia
Laos
Vietnam
Brunei-Darussalam
Singapore
Thailand
The Philippines
Cambodia
Myanmar
Malaysia

8. 1 2 3 4 Possible Future Challenges for Asian Institutions
Credit Transfer: Utilization of ECTS, UCTS, or AUN-ACTS? Or the Development of ACC (Asian Common Credit) [1ACC ≒ 1.6 ECTS] 1
Quality of Education: Indication of learning outcomes in course catalogue, syllabus and transcript 2
Grade Transfer: Development of a grading system by utilizing both absolute & relative grading methods to select a group of excellent students 3
Academic Calendar: Creation of a half-semester courses by teaching 7-8 weeks courses instead of 13-17weeks. 4
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

9. 1 2 3 4 Future Choice of Credit Transfer Scheme in Asia
UCTS & AUN-ACTS have modeled ECTS in Europe. But ACD-ACTS (1 credit=40 h of SW) 1
ECTS is a very systematic and permeable credit transfer system: 60 ECTS/ year (consists of the largest numbers of common measures, i.e.,
1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12, 15, 20, 30, 60 ) for the world 2
However, student workload for ECTS does not reflect to Asian workload ( h/year in Europe vs (???) h/year in Asia) 3
Asia already has a similar tendency (One credit ≒ hours in their regional credit systems) 4
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

10. 1. Development of Asian Common Credit
A common framework of credit system among 13 Asian nations is;
One “Asian Common Credit”(ACC)
　≒40-50 hours of student workload
　≒1.6 ECTS/UCTS/AUN-ACTS
1 ACC in Asia ≒ 1 US credit ≒ 1.6 ECTS 1
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
If we agree upon the concept of ACC, we DO NOT NEED credit conversion scheme among Asian universities.
1 Asian credit =1 another Asian credit 2

11. General Trends in Asia and Europe
Possible way of understanding two credit systems
General Trends in Asia and Europe
ASIA
EUROPE
Total # of years for an undergraduate program
4 years
3 years
Total # of credits towards graduation
180 ECTS
Average # of credits per year
30-35
60 ECTS
Hours of student workload per credit
40-50 hours
25-30 hours
Total hours of workload per year h h
Total hours of workload necessary for graduation h h
Proposed transfer scheme
1 ACC
1.6 ECTS
Proposed workload concept
40-48 hours
This chart has been developed based upon research done by Hotta (2010). The proposed numbers do not represent the opinion of the Japanese government.
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

12. 2. Indication of Learning Outcomes
Promote the creation of syllabus, course catalogue & a “Diploma Supplement” type of detailed transcript with ACC and learning outcomes 1
Use the concept of theTUNING 13 project in Europe, especially how to define generic and subject-specific competences for each class and degree program
**Generic Competences : Interpersonal skills, analytical skills, work autonomously, etc
** Subject-specific Competences : specifically required skills in each field of study
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left). 2

13. 1 2 3. Development of a grading policy to select the top
Rationale: A relative grading type of model may be more useful than an absolute grading model for Asian mobility to select “excellent” students from all institutions despite knowing the actual quality of education in each institution. 1
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
Roughly ranged and pre-decided proportions of students’ grading to mainly select excellent students for mobility
** For example, the top 5~10% for “A” and the next 20~25% for “B” and the rest in somewhere between C and F (Fail). This will select at least the top 25～35% of students from all institutions. 2

14. 1 2 4. Development of 4 terms in one academic year
Allow institutions to offer a half semester courses (7-8 week sessions) with credits and create 4 divisions in one academic year (See next chart) 1
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
This creation of 4 divisions in one academic year will create more flexibility for students to study in different educational institutions among Asian and European nations. 2

15. 4. Development of 4 terms in one academic year
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Japan
South Korea
China
Indonesia
Laos
Vietnam
Brunei-Darussalam
Singapore
Thailand
The Philippines
Cambodia
Myanmar
Malaysia

16. Conclusion (for a balanced mobility in Asia and Europe)
Develop a permeable framework for mobility between Asian and European higher education 1
Discuss the possible implementation of ACC, learning outcomes, a grading system to screen a top group, and 4 divisions of the academic year in Asian region 2
Develop a joint study curricula by each group of Asian & European partner universities 3
These promotions will bring more “mutual trust” and better conditions for quality assurance among Asian and European higher education institutions 4
SmartArt custom animation effects: vertical block list
Also on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
(Intermediate)
In the Type list, select Radial.
In the Direction list, select From Center (third option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.
To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:
On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click List. In the List pane, click Vertical Block List (fourth row, third option from the left), and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.
In the Stop position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
To create a fourth row, do the following:
Select the third block shape (the shape on the left side) at the bottom of the graphic, under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click the arrow next to Add Shape, and select Add Shape After.
Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following:
In the Stop position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 2, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).
To add a bulleted rectangle next to the fourth block shape, select the fourth block shape, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the Create Graphic group, click Add Bullet.
To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:
To enter numbers and text in the blocks and rectangles, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, enter text for each shape. (Note: In the example slide, the first-level text boxes contain “1,” “2,” “3,” and “4.” There should be only one second-level text box for each first-level box (delete the second bullet), and they contain “First statement,” “Second statement,” and so on.)
On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
On the slide, select the SmartArt graphic, and then in the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle select Fade.
With the SmartArt graphic still selected, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and select Right.
To reproduce the rectangle effects on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select each of the rectangles (on the right side of the graphic).
On the slide, right-click the motion path and select Reverse Path Direction.
Under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Rectangles select Snip Diagonal Corner Rectangle (fifth option from the left).
In the Custom Animation task pane, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and select the two effects in the task pane. Click the arrow to the right of the selected effects and select Effect Options. In the Effects Options dialog box, do the following:
With the rectangles still selected, drag one of the left center adjustment handles 1” to the left to lengthen all four rectangles.
On the Timing tab, in the Speed list, select Fast.
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Size box, select 36, and in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
On the SmartArt Animation tab, in the Group graphic list, select One by one.
Click the double arrows under the two effects to show all the effects for all the shapes (16 effects).
With the rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Paragraph group, click the Paragraph dialog box launcher. In the Paragraph dialog box, under Indentation, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, select all of the effects, and then under Modify selected effects, in the Start list, select With Previous.
In the Before Text box, enter 1”.
Press and hold CTRL, select the first, third, fifth, and seventh effects (fade entrance effects), and then do the following:
In the Special list, select Hanging.
Next to the Special list, in the By box, enter 1”.
Click Change, point to Entrance, and select More Effects. In the Change Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate, select Grow & Turn.
Select the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Design tab, in the SmartArt Styles group, click More Styles, and under 3-D select Polished Effect (first option from the left).
Under Modify: Grow & Turn, in the Start list, select After Previous.
Select the first rectangle from the top (“First statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Red, Accent 2 (first row, sixth option from the left).
Press and hold CTRL, and select the ninth, 11th, 13th, and 15th effects (right motion paths). Click the arrow next to one of the selected effects, and then click Remove.
Select the second rectangle from the top (“Second statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Olive Green, Accent 3 (first row, seventh option from the right).
Drag the ninth effect (right motion path) until it is third in the list of effects.
Drag the 10th effect (right motion path), until it is sixth in the list of effects.
Drag the 11th effect (right motion path), until it is ninth in the list of effects.
Select the third rectangle from the top (“Third statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Purple, Accent 4 (first row, eighth option from the left).
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the fourth rectangle from the top (“Fourth statement” in the example slide), and on the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of Shape Fill, and under Theme Colors select Orange, Accent 6 (first row, tenth option from the left).
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
To reproduce the circles on this slide, do the following:
Press and hold CTRL, and then select the four block shapes (the shapes on the left side) in the SmartArt graphic, and then under SmartArt Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes group, click the arrow to the right of Change Shape, and under Basic Shapes select Oval (first row, first option from the left).
In the Stop position box, enter 33%.
On the slide, drag one of the top right adjustment handles to the left to change the ovals into circles and to decrease their size.
Also with the four circles selected, drag the circles until they cover the bullet on the rectangles, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, in the Font Color list, under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).

17. THANK YOU Taiji Hotta, Ph.D. International Center Hiroshima University

18. Glossary ACC: Asian Common Credit
ERASMUS: European Community Action Scheme for
the Mobility of University Students
ECTS: European Credit Transfer System
UMAP: University Mobility in Asia and Pacific
UCTS: UMAP Credit Transfer Scheme
USCO: UMAP Student Connection Online
AUN: ASEAN University Network
M-I-T: Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand
AUN’s ACTS: ASEAN Credit Transfer System
ACD’s ACTS: Asian Credit Transfer System
ACD : Asian Cooperation Dialogue
CAMPUS-ASIA: the Collective Action for Mobility
Program of University Students in Asia
TUNING project: Tuning Educational Structures in
Europe