1. CHAPTER 29 PLANT DIVERSITY I: HOW PLANTS COLONIZED LAND Ferns in a Tasmanian Forest

2. Highlights of Plant Evolution

3. Charophyceans-green algae most closely related to land plants

5. Charophyceans homologies with land plants: Chloroplasts Rosette cellulose- synthesizing complexes Almost identical enzymes in their perioxisomes Formation of a phragmoplast during cytokinesis and cell plate formation Sperm rRNA and cytoskeletal proteins

6. Apical meristem Apical meristems of plants shoots and roots

7. Embryo of a Liverwort Maternal tissue of the archegonium Embryo

8. Embryo of an Angiosperm Endosperm Maternal tissue of the archegonium Embryo Integuments

9. Alternation of generations a generalized scheme

10. Division Pterophyta - a fern spore

11. Sporangium of a Hornwort Spores Sporangium tissue

12. Archegonium of a liverwort egg

13. Antheridium of a Liverwort Sperm

14. Pterophyta stem Waxey cuticle

15. Pterophyta Stem Phloem Xylem

16. Phloem Xylem

17. Fossilized tissue of a sporophyte and spores

18. Hypothetical mechanism for the origin of alternation of generations in the ancestor of plants

20. Liverworts

22. Hornworts

23. Phylum Bryophyta Sporophytes Gametophytes Multicellular with specialized cells and tissues but they do not contain any vascular tissue which restricts their size.

24. Bryophytes Mosses--Sporophyte

25. Bryophytes Mosses— Gametophyte Archegonia and antheridia grow on separate stalks of the same gametophyte so splashing water is required to transfer the sperm to the egg

26. Bryophytes Mosses

27. Bryophytes Mosses Gametophytes

28. Quillwort

29. Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte

30. Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte

31. Life Cycle of a Moss Bryophyte

32. Bryophytes Mosses--Gametophyte

33. Bryophytes Mosses— Gametophyte Sperm Egg Archegonium

34. Bryophytes Mosses-- Sporophyte

35. Sporangium

36. Bryophytes Mosses--Spores

37. Bryophytes Mosses--Protonema

38. Small Sporophyte of a liverwort

39. Bryophytes Moss-- Sporangium

40. Sphagnum Moss

41. Sphagnum Moss Gametophyte Sporophyte

42. Sphagnum leaf

43. Peat Bog

44. Fossil of an early plant with vascular tissue protracheophyte & polysporangiophytes

45. Sporophylls Lycophyta-Club Moss

47. Whisk Fern

48. Division Sphenophyta- Horsetails Silica in cell walls makes them abrasive. Sporophyte is predominant generation; homosporus;

49. Division Sphenophyta- Horsetails

50. Pterophyta-Ferns

51. Branched vascular systems evolved by the fusion of branched stems

52. Pterophyta-Ferns Life Cycle

53. Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte

54. Pterophyta-Ferns-Sorus

55. Pterophyta-Ferns-Sporangium

57. Pterophyta-Ferns-Spore germinating

58. Pterophyta-Ferns-Gametophyte Antheridia Archegonia

59. Pterophyta- Ferns- Archegonia Sperm are flagellated and must swim in condensation which forms under the gametophyte to the archegonia

60. Young sporophyte growing out of gametophyte

61. Pterophyta-Ferns-fronds-sporophyte

62. Pterophyta-Ferns-sporophyte-Sori

63. Pterophyta-Ferns-sporangia in a sorus

64. Carboniferous forest