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Figure Ferns
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Table 29.1 Ten Phyla of Extant Plants
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Figure 29.1 Some highlights of plant evolution
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Figure 29.2 Charophyceans: Chara (top), Coleochaete orbicularis (bottom)
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Figure 29.2x Chara
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Figure 29.3 Apical meristems of plant shoots and roots
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Figure 29.4 Embryos of land plants: Marchantia (left), Shepherd's purse (right)
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Figure 29.6 Alternation of generations: a generalized scheme
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Figure A fern spore
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Figure 29.8 Sporangium of a hornwort (a bryophyte) sporophyte
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Figure 29.9 Gametangia: Archegonium of Marchantia (left), Anteridium of a hornwort (right)
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Figure 29.10 Cuticle of a stem from Psilotum (a pteridophyte)
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Figure 29.11 The stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte)
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Figure 29.11 Xylem and phloem in the stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte)
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Figure 29.12 Fossilized spores and sporophyte tissue
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Figure A hypothetical mechanism for the origin of alternation of generations in the ancestor of plants
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Figure 29.14 Three clades that are candidates for designation as the plant kingdom
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Figure Bryophytes
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Figure 29.15x1 Hornwort
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Figure 29.15x2 Quillwort
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss (Layer 1)
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss (Layer 2)
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Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss (Layer 3)
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Figure 29.16x Moss life cycle
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Figure 29.x1 Polytrichum moss leaf section
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Figure 29.17 Sporophyte of Marchantia, a liverwort
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Figure 29.18 A moss sporangium with a “spore-shaker” tip
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Figure Sphagnum, or peat moss: Peat bog in Oneida County, Wisconsin (top), closeup of Sphagnum (bottom left), Sphagnum "leaf" (bottom right)
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Figure 29.19x A peat moss bog in Norway
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Figure 29.20 Cooksonia, a vascular plant of the Siluria
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Figure Pteridophytes: club "moss" (top left), whisk fern (top right), horsetail (bottom left), fern (bottom right)
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Figure 29.21x1 Lycophyte
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Figure 29.21x2 Horsetail
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Figure 29.22 Hypotheses for the evolution of leaves
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Figure 29.23 The life cycle of a fern
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Figure 29.23x1 Life cycle of a fern: mature fern
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Figure 29.23x2 Life cycle of a fern: sorus
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Figure 29.23x3 Life cycle of a fern: sporangium
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Figure 29.23x4 Life cycle of a fern: mature sporangium
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Figure 29.23x5 Life cycle of a fern: germinating
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Figure 29.23x6 Life cycle of a fern: gametophyte
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Figure 29.23x7 Life cycle of a fern: archegonia
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Figure 29.23x8 Life cycle of a fern: sporophytes
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Figure 29.24a Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.24b Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.24c Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production
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Figure 29.25 Artist’s conception of a Carboniferous forest based on fossil evidence
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