1. Stove Improvement Dana Levine Maritza Ruiz León Liu Daniel Talancón Esteban Mendoza

2.  Video of stove in use  Most stoves are not enclosed  Biggest complaint about current stoves ◦ Smoke  Those interviewed are aware of the health risks associated with smoke  They would be willing to modify their stoves  $37 US per month in wood

3.  Reduce smoke emission ◦ More fully enclose the combustion chamber ◦ Utilize existing ventilation  chimney  Reduce smoke production ◦ More efficient combustion  Better air flow ◦ www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7EWQMnNGt0 www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7EWQMnNGt0

4.  Door assembly ◦ Dimensions:  5”x22”x2” solid ◦ Material: Adobe Clay  Reinforced with straw ◦ Rigidly mounted on 2 bricks  6.5x11x23 (cm) Figure showing Primary air intake And door assembly

5.  Pipe Assembly ◦ Dimensions of each U-bent pipe ◦ 1” dia. x 66” long ◦ top-half perforated with 1/8” holes ◦ 2 U-pipes are bound together with wire  Allow for different stove sizes Figure with semi- perforated U-bent pipes

6.  User Interactions ◦ Pipes removable for cleaning  Hose or Brush ◦ Door is easy to move  Bricks do not get hot (material)  Can rest on back for loading  Can be tilted forward to check fire  Can be removed entirely for pipe removal/stove cleaning  Stove Interactions ◦ Geometric Considerations

7.  Door (Integral) ◦ Blocks bears the load of the door (cemented on) ◦ Blocks elevate door ◦ Door blocks smoke from entering room ◦ Elevated door allows for primary air to reach flames ◦ Interaction between door and pipes  Provides increased smoke concentration  Retains heat to increase chamber temperature  Elevated bricks allow for pipes to be exposed to air

8.  Secondary Air Intake (Integral) ◦ Oxygen deficiency in combustion chamber creates a current of air being sucked into the stove ◦ Heat from fire warms air ◦ Perforated tubes release warmed oxygen into combustion chamber ◦ Increased smoke concentration and higher chamber temperature ignites smoke near perforated tubes ◦ This improves the efficiency of burning  Results in less wasted fuel

9.  Development ◦ Examine choice of door  Material, dimensions, and handle placement ◦ Assess efficacy of secondary combustion system  Vary the number and arrangement of U-tubes  Testing ◦ Use a surrogate stove to measure:  Qualitative decrease in smoke production  Quantitative increase in efficiency  Based on results, we will select our final design

10.  Independent production of door assembly and metal tube assembly ◦ Determine cost of raw materials  Bulk discount?  Establish partnership with laborers/artisans for production ◦ Fix wages for laborers ◦ Secure a place for storage of finished products  Factor cost of transporting raw and finished goods

11.  Select representative for selling our product ◦ local hardware store ◦ independent vendor  Offer of demonstrations ◦ Decide whether vendor will help with installation ◦ Assess effect on price vs. likelihood of consumer purchasing  Choose sales strategy ◦ Sell product as a package (with replacements) ◦ Establish prices  Distinguish vendor’s price with final consumer price

12.  Expand business model to accommodate other local villages ◦ E.g. Hardware store services several communities  Encourage households to keep track of wood consumption ◦ Identify how much money/wood is saved with use of product  Promote maintenance of product ◦ Tips or accessories for cleaning ◦ Replacement parts

13.  Partner with central hardware stores ◦ Provide services to multiple villages  Supply stove improvement kits ◦ With replacement parts  Hardware stores install and maintain stove modifications

14.  Technical ◦ Design Constraints for Prototypes  Door: requires heat resistant, durable and light weight material.  Secondary Combustion System: requires flexible and environmentally stable tubing.  Maximize safety, comfort and ease of use and maintenance. ◦ Performance Uncertainties to be Tested  Door: might not effectively insulate heat and smoke without a tight seal.  Secondary Combustion System: might not produce the desired effects due to design constraints.  Minimize negative overlap between subsystems.

15. ◦ Difficult to acquire reliable and accurate data.  Need to build a similar stove model to perform testing.  Hard to quantify desirable properties such as efficiency, smoke reduction and ease of use. ◦ Minimize downtime and the risk of physical injury in case of malfunctions. ◦ Avoid causing unacceptable changes to users’ habits.

16.  Financial ◦ Performance vs. cost tradeoff  Door material  Quality and quantity of secondary air tubing.  Simplicity vs. effectiveness of specs. ◦ Economy of scale ◦ Minimizing overhead and maximizing value to producers. ◦ Possible need for sponsorship and subsidy.

17.  Logistical ◦ Establish partners for promotion, production, delivery and maintenance for the product and its separate components.  e.g. hardware stores, cement mixers, pipe-benders, advertising and delivery personnel. ◦ Facilitate and effectively coordinate operations and communication among stakeholders. ◦ Increasing complexity with increasing scale.

18.  Perform more research ◦ Contact hardware store with questions ◦ Contact cement mason in Pasajquim ◦ Contact adobe mason near TPS  Test and Analyze Data ◦ Build a stove  Iterate Development ◦ Build a prototype  Learn to use adobe ◦ Learn and Repeat

19.  Used the teamwork rating form from Jeff Kranski ◦ Everyone was satisfied with the load distribution  Equal work  Clear jobs ◦ Punctuality can be improved (all guilty)  Busy schedules