1. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20061 Impact and Efficacy of Aerial ULV Application of Permanone 30-30 Research Report

2. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20062 Objectives:  Measure permethrin residue ground deposition  Determine permethrin airborne concentration  Assess non-target impact using mosquito fish bioassay  Evaluate control efficacy against adult mosquitoes through bioassay  Correlate residue and bioassay

3. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20063 Materials and Methods  Study Site: Panama City Beach  12 stations (9 treatments and 3 controls)  The 9 treatment stations include 6 open sites and 3 in woodland area  Beach MCD’s helicopter (Helo N91336) equipped with WingmanTM GX and AIMMS-20 (Adapco) was used for the Aerial ULV spray at 150ft attitude.  Residue sample collections: yarn, water and filter paper  Permethrin Analysis -GC with ECD detector

4. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20064 Materials and Methods  Bioassay: caged mosquitoes (+50 female mosquitoes / cage) (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus) 12-hrs post-treatment  Bioassay: caged mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) in plastic pans (10/pan). The acute toxicity was checked 1 hr after the spray and the chronic toxicity was assessed daily for 5 days in the same plastic pan (108-hrs post- treatment --worst case scenario)

5. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20065

6. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20066

7. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20067

8. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20068

9. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 20069

10. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200610

11. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200611

12. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200612

13. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200613 Result (1) Permethrin Residue on Filter Paper ( µg/m 2 ) and (Fish Mortality) Permethrin (ug/m2)on Filter Paperand Fish Mortality Stations6/1/066/20/066/27/067/18/068/9/06 1117.71 (10%)80.64 (20%)89.39 (20%)105.4457.56 268.24 39.52 (30%)44.43 (40%) 101.0660.48 367.77 3759.55(10%) 120.4956.70(10%) 487 (10%) 84.1568.1 96.5578.32 5125.93 91.58 (50%)83.22 98.87(10%)104.18(10%) 6102.39 88.26(30%)85.15 147.8193.17 753.65 43.63(20%)38.46 73.74108.82(10%) 854.84 65.58(40%)43.3(10%) 123.6789.99(30%) 946.68 (10%) 49.2743.04(20%) 109.48150.99 10ND ND(20%)ND ND(10%)ND 11ND ND(20%) 12ND (10%) 1 (water)NA 2.14ug/L4.36ug/L NA

14. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200614 Result (2) Permethrin Residue on Yarn ( µg/yarn) and (%Mosquito Mortality ) Permethrin (ug/yarn)on Yarn andMosquito Mortality50 female/cage Stations6/1/066/20/066/27/067/18/068/9/06 154.35 (80%)20.58 (81%)38.74 (81%)21.60 (53%)17.17 (71%) 214.78 (44%) 13.07(16%)4.1 (16%) 8.55 (28%)3.09 (4%) 313.57 (24%) 3.21 (35%)27.53 (35%) 17.15 (52%)41.15 (53%) 440.91 (100%) 35.16 (67%)17.51 (67%) 5.62 (9%)7.72 (37%) 5170 (100%) 26 (59%)61.86 (59%) 7.47 (6%)23.27 (36%) 636.74 (98%) 45.3 (74%)62.07 (74%) 9.36 (12%)24.27 (74%) 72.04 (7%) 2.27 (11%)1.45 (11%) 2.343 (0%)7.94 (39%) 87.52 (27%) 4.23 (2%)4.74 (2%) 3.55 (0%)5.26 (23%) 93.70 (26%) 3.27 (8%)2.98 (8%) 3.00 (0%)6.08 (7%) 10ND (4%) ND (0%)ND (7%) 11ND (2%) ND (12%) ND (2%)ND (4%) 12ND (4%) ND (10%) ND (0%)ND (9%) 13NA (3%) NA (0%) NA (2%)

15. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200615 Discussion Permethrin Residue  Low level permethrin residue (2.14 ppb and 4.36 ppb) was detected in water samples from the fish tank from two separate spray events (6/27/2006 and 7/18/2006) and both samples collected from site 1  The highest permethrin deposition on filter paper was on site 9 (151µg/m 2 ). That matched up to low residue on yarn (6.0 µg/yarn) indicating it may have the large droplets fall out. In fact that many of higher ground deposition (>90 µg/m 2 ) did not have good mosquito control efficacy  The range of ground deposition was about 37 – 151 µg/m 2  The highest permethrin residue found on yarn was 170 µg/m 2 and the range was 3 – 170 µg/m 2  With few exceptions, the residue on yarn reached >40 µg/yarn, the control efficacy was greatly improved.

16. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200616 Discussion (2) fish and mosquito assay  PPB level permethrin residue was detected in tank water samples from two separate spray events on site 1 did not cause fish mortality at higher concentration (4.36 ppb).  There were no indication of acute toxic effect permethrin on fish from field bioassay even with the highest ground deposition (151 µg/m 2 ).  Various fish mortality found during each trial and the reason is unknown or appears not correlated with permethrin concentration  We suspect the stressed fish were picked for the assay in trial 2 and 3 as the control fish mortality increasing. The fact of fish reservoir lost screen enclosure as a result from storm.  Only six stations in three spray evens reached >80% mosquito mortality. The low control efficacy in general a concern and the reasons need to be further investigated.

17. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200617 Acknowledgements The following personnel contributed to this project:  Florida A&M University C. Brock, T. Quimet, T. Lian, R. Aarons, N. Sickerman, - participation K. Shaffer and J. Petersen –Provide mosquito pupae J. Smith, E. Cope and J. Walsh – Provide mosquito rearing room  Beach Mosquito Control Districts E. Hunter, J. Shehee, Skip, Lee, and Cindy - participation  Florida Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services Max Feken, James Clauson -participation  Bayer Environmental Science Peter Connelly -participation, Jing Zhai (consultant)  Adapco, Bill Reynolds –computer model and spray tech.  Lee County Mosquito Control District J. Hornby –droplets analysis

18. zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, 200618