1. Tumaini (CRT) Inc. Efficacy of a New Slow Release Mosquito Larvicide containing Novaluron

2. SLOW RELEASE MOSQUITO LARVICIDE DETAILS  Larvicide contains the active ingredient novaluron and utilizes novel formulation technology which has been patented in numerous countries  Formulation controls rate of release of novaluron into water column  increases solubility of novaluron in water from 3 ppb to 10-15 ppb  Formulation also promotes dispersion of novaluron throughout the water column  products will be available in several different sizes and shapes to address different market needs  all products have same recipe and ai 1.2g/kg novaluron  Tradename for larvicide products are: Mosquiron 0.12P and Mosquiron 0.12CRD

3. Mosquiron 0.12P pastilles (2 sizes) Mosquiron 0.12CRD controlled release device MOSQUIRON PRODUCT DETAILS

5. Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials PURPOSE:  Assess efficacy and duration of Mosquiron products when used under simulated field conditions and in different regions of the US and Canada

6. Experimental Design  Needed to take into consideration the mode of action of novaluron  Novaluron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor and effects can be cumulative; larvae can appear healthy and mortality may not be observed until adults emerge from pupal case  At high concentrations of novaluron (>5 ppb) effect on larvae can be rapid – 24 hours  Mortality can still occur at pupal eclosion caused by incomplete separation from pupal case – adult drowning Field Trial Locations  Canada – Portage la Prairie MB, Abbotsford BC  US – Marshall WI, Meansville GA, Panama City FL Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials

7. Experimental Design Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials

9. Experimental Design  Eggs were introduced to treatment tanks approx. every 2 weeks  Culex eggrafts were placed directly on water surface at WI, MB, BC and FL sites  Once hatching occurred all trts. received a larval liquid food slurry  Food slurry was a standard formula consisting of liver powder/brewer’s yeast  Food administered 3-4 times/wk. until water was cloudy in appearance Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials

10. Marshall - WI siteMeansville - GA site

11. Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials Panama City -FL Site

12. Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials Portage la Prairie - MB Site

13. Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials Abbotsford - BC Site

14. Data Collection  Treatments were inspected for the presence of live larvae and/or pupae on an as needed basis. Once 3rd and/or 4th instars were present, dips were taken to harvest live larvae.  Florida A&M’s PHEREC Standard Mosquito Sampling Method was used at all trial sites.  Using a standard mosquito dipper, eight dips were taken per treatment.  The number of larvae and/or pupae per dip were counted and recorded. Larvae were returned to the treatment tanks.  Once pupae were found, they were transferred to emergence jars for monitoring.  Adults that emerged successfully from pupal cases were counted and recorded as successful hatches. Dead adult mosquitoes on the water surface recorded as unsuccessful emergence. Mosquiron 2010 Field Trials

20. Observations  Using local sources for harvesting Culex eggrafts delayed start of trial in Northerly sites to early July  Was exacerbated by a cool wet spring in Canada and WI  FL location received very high precipitation (18” rain in July) causing significant dilution of novaluron in cement troughs Conclusions  Study results demonstrate Mosquiron formulations provided 100% IE for duration of study at all locations  100% IE observed at FL site with 2x CRD