1. Human Body Systems
Create by
Mrs. Herman
2013

2. Levels of Organization

3. ATOMS
Smallest part of matter
NON-living

4. Molecules
2 or more bonded atoms
Form compounds
NON-living

5. Organelles
“Tiny organs”
Made of macromolecules
Nucleus, ribosomes

6. Cell Made of organelles Basic unit of life
Different types of cells have different
functions
LIVING

7. Tissue
A lot of the same kind cell working together
Living

8. Organs
Tissues that work together
Living
Heart, Brain,
Lungs
Kidney

9. Organ Systems Organs that work together Living Skeletal Muscular
Circulatory

10. Organism Entire living things(organisms) Usually made of systems
May be a single cell
Living

11. Cell
Cells are organized in tissues. Different tissues working together to perform a particular job are called organ. Groups of organs that work together to complete a series of tasks are called a system. Many systems working together make up an organism.
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

13. What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis (Greek for “staying the same”) is a process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
All of your body's systems work together maintain homeostasis inside of your body.

14. Skeletal System What is the skeletal system? What is the function?
Bones, cartilage, joints and other structures.
What is the function?
give us shape and support
Enables us to move
protect our internal organs
Store calcium, minerals and fat
Produce blood cells

15. Joints and ligaments Joints are the place where two bones meet.
Ligaments are the tissue that connect bones to other bones.

16. Muscular System What is a muscle?
Made of strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way.
Function:
Attached to bones to provide support and balance
Protect your body
Helps body maintain a constant temperature.

17. Voluntary vs. Involuntary muscles
Voluntary - muscles are the ones that you can control.
Some examples include your muscles to move your arm or legs.
Involuntary muscles don't need the brain to send them messages.
Some examples are:  the muscles in your heart, the muscles in your digestive system which move food down to your stomach and The tiny muscles at the bottom of the hairs on your arms which make your hairs stand up when you are cold, or suddenly feel scared.

18. Types of muscles
Cardiac – involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart
Skeletal – the type of muscle that attaches to bone.
Smooth – involuntary muscles. Contraction of the smooth muscles help move material through the body such as food in the stomach or controls the movement of blood through vessels.

19. Homeostasis Muscular system helps the body maintain homeostasis by:
Muscle contractions help to keep your body warm
Heart muscles contract more often during exercise to get more oxygen to your cells and release carbon dioxide.

20. Digestive System

21. Digestive System
Function: to turn the food you eat into useful energy for your body.
4 steps of the digestive system
Ingestion – the act of eating or putting food in your mouth
Digestion – the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb.
Absorption – nutrients and water are taken in by cells
Elimination – removal of undigested food and other waste from the body

22. Digestive System & Homeostasis
The digestive system maintains homeostasis by providing nutrients (fuel) for all other body systems.

23. Several different body systems make up the excretory system.
Function: collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body.
Several different body systems make up the excretory system.

24. Types of Excretion
Urinary System processes, transports, collects and removes liquid waste
Respiratory System removes carbon dioxide and water vapor
Integumentary System (skin) secretes excess salt and water though the sweat glands.
Digestive System removes unused, solid waste

25. Organs of the Urinary System
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

26. Respiratory System
Function: to bring oxygen into the body and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Parts of the Respiratory System include:
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli

27. Maintaining Homeostasis
The muscular system (diaphragm) interacts with the respiratory system (lungs) so you can breathe.

28. Circulatory System Also called your Cardiovascular System
Made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Your body's delivery system.
Blood moving from the heart, delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body.
On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them

29. Blood
Function: Blood connects the circulatory system with all other body systems. It transports substances throughout the body, helps protect against infection and helps regulate your body’s temperature.

30. Parts of Blood Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen.
White Blood Cells – fight infections.
Platelets – help you stop bleeding.
Plasma – yellow liquid that carries nutrients, hormones and proteins.

31. The Heart

32. Immune and Lymphatic System

33. Function of the Immune System
The immune system defends the body against germs and microorganisms every day.
Different parts of your body work together to keep pathogens (something that causes disease like bacteria, viruses or harmful chemicals) from making you sick.

34. Parts of the Immune System
The immune system is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs.

35. First Line of Defense
Function: keeping germs from reaching parts of the body.

36. White blood cells – attack pathogens
Second Line of Defense
White blood cells – attack pathogens
Inflammatory response – cleans injured area and keeps infection from spreading.

37. Third Line of Defense
Third line defenders called antibodies are specific to foreign substances antigens.

38. Vocabulary
Definition
antigen
A substance that causes an immune response
antibody
Can attach to the antigen and make it useless
B cell
Form and mature in the bone marrow and secrete antibodies into the blood
T cell
Form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They produce a protein antibody that becomes part of a cell membrane.
allergy
An overly sensitive immune response to a common antigen.

39. The resistance to specific pathogen.
What is Immunity
The resistance to specific pathogen.
The immune system works to maintain homeostasis by protecting against invaders.

40. Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System is part of the immune system and helps destroy microorganisms that enter the body.

41. Functions of the Lymphatic System
absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around cells.
absorbs fats from the digestive system and transports them to the circulatory system.
filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the tissue fluid to the circulatory system.
helps fight off illness and infections and includes structures in which white blood cells develop.

42. Parts of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Vessels
Lymph Nodes
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils

43. Lymphatic System and Homeostasis
regulating fluid buildup around cells.
supports the circulatory system by cleaning fluids and replacing them in the bloodstream.
supports overall health by helping fight infection.

44. The Nervous System
The Nervous System is the part of an organism that gathers, processes and responds to information.

45. Function of the Nervous System
Gathering Information
Responding to Stimuli
Maintaining Homeostasis

46. Parts of the Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
the brain
The spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic system – controls the skeletal muscles
Autonomic system – controls smooth and cardiac muscles

47. How it works
Neurons – nerve cells are the basic functioning unit of the nervous system

48. A dendrite receives information from another neuron or from another cell in your body.
The cell body processes that information
The axon sends information out to another neuron or cell in your body.

49. The Brain – the Control Center
Function- It receives information, processes it and sends out a response. It also stores information as memories.

50. 3 parts – 3 functions
Cerebrum – controls memory, language and thought.
Cerebellum – coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture. (stores information about those movements about riding a bicycle or tying a shoe)
Brain stem – controls involuntary functions.
(sneezing, swallowing and coughing)

51. Maintaining Homeostasis
Your body maintains homeostasis by receiving information from your environment and responding to it.
The nervous system signals other systems such as the digestive, endocrine, and the circulatory system