1. Business English at Work © 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill References

2. Business English at Work Capitalization Objectives Use capitalization rules for proper nouns, first words in sentences, specific organizations, committees, government agencies, boards, and departments. Apply capitalization rules for publications, events, holidays, acts, bills, laws, and titles. Apply capitalization rules for academic degrees, languages, education levels and courses, and ethnic and religious designations. PP 6-1a continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

3. Business English at Work Capitalization Objectives PP 6-1b continued Apply capitalization rules for time periods, seasons, days and months, specific and general locations, and directions. Apply capitalization rules for abbreviations, nouns with numbers, trademarks, brand names, and product names. Apply capitalization rules for direct and indirect quotes, words after colons, and material within parentheses. continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

4. Business English at Work Capitalization Objectives PP 6-1c continued Identify appropriate items to capitalize in lists, outlines, business letters, and legal documents. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

5. Business English at Work Capitalization Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Capitalization Rules PP 6-2a Managing time reduces stress. Capitalize proper nouns. Do not capitalize common nouns. The Benbow Inn is in California. We attended a time management workshop. Capitalize the names or nicknames of specific persons. Elena CatelliNick Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

6. Business English at Work Capitalization Always capitalize the pronoun I. Do not capitalize other pronouns unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence. Capitalization Rules PP 6-2b I return my phone calls at 11 a.m. He kept his urgent papers in a red folder. Capitalize specific names of geographic locations. Do not capitalize general location names. Kansas City is located in both Kansas and Missouri. The mountains of Colorado are beautiful. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

7. Business English at Work Capitalization Capitalize informal substitutions for proper nouns and shortened versions of proper nouns. These substitutions are often referred to as imaginative names and nicknames. Capitalization Rules PP 6-2c the Oval OfficeAir Force One Mother Naturea Big Mac Big Brother (intrusive big government) the Beltway (Washington, D.C.) the Big Apple (New York City) City of Angels (Los Angeles) the Pacific Rim continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

8. Business English at Work Capitalization Italian leatherfrench fries Greek foodmanila folder Australian hatarabic numbers Capitalize adjectives formed from proper nouns. However, adjectives formed from proper nouns that are now commonly used and that are no longer identified with those nouns are not capitalized. Capitalization Rules PP 6-2d Proper AdjectivesCommonly Used Adjectives continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

9. Business English at Work Capitalization Valley of the Moon CampInn at the Tides The Pet PantrySonoma State University Capitalize the first letters of all major words in names of companies, institutions, organizations, and clubs. Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or, nor), and prepositions with fewer than four letters (of, in, on, by) unless one of these words is the first word of the name. Companies, Institutions, and Clubs PP 6-3a Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

10. Business English at Work Capitalization Companies, Institutions, and Clubs PP 6-3b continued company employees our club’s policies the mission of the college Do not capitalize words such as company, club, institution, or organization when used as general expressions. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

11. Business English at Work Capitalization Capitalize the specific names of departments, committees, project teams, or divisions within the organization with which the writer is associated. Departments, Committees, and Divisions PP 6-4 The Human Resources Department offers time management seminars. Do not capitalize names of departments, committees, project teams, or divisions if words other than the appear before them or if the names are not precise. Call someone in their accounting department about your refund. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

12. Business English at Work Capitalization Government Units PP 6-5 Capitalize specific official names of foreign, national, state, and local government units. The Republic of Ireland National Park Service Capitalize the names of agencies, divisions, departments, offices, commissions, and boards. Human Services Department Cultural Heritage Board Capitalize short forms of the names of government units. the House the Congress Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

13. Business English at Work Capitalization Titles PP 6-6a Capitalize a social, professional, religious, academic, political, or military title that precedes a name. Mrs. Jamie Chen Dr. Bruce Comstock Professor Betty Howell Mayor Bob Lindsey Capitalize a title that follows the name of a high-ranking foreign, national, or state government official. Capitalize a title used to substitute for the complete name of a high- ranking government official. George W. Bush, President of the United States Thomas Vilsack, Governor of Iowa Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

14. Business English at Work Capitalization Titles Do not capitalize the title of a company, institution, or association official that follows a name or that is used as a substitute for a complete name unless practice or tradition indicates to the contrary. continued Robin Matthews, president of Evergreen Nursery Dan Johanson, secretary of United Farm Workers of America PP 6-6b Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

15. Business English at Work Capitalization Titles Do not capitalize occupational titles used in a general way. continued PP 6-6c The manager reviewed our priorities. Capitalize a title used as a substitute for a complete name in a direct address. When will you vote on the bill, Senator? Capitalize a title used in place of a name in minutes or bylaws. The President called the meeting to order. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

16. Business English at Work Capitalization Family Titles Capitalize the title of a family member when it is used by itself or when it is used in direct address. PP 6-7 I always wondered how Father found time to coach Little League. I will not be home for dinner tonight, Mom. Capitalize the title of a family member when it precedes a name. I ride to work with Aunt Julia. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

17. Business English at Work Capitalization Publications Capitalize the first letters of all the words with four or more letters in the title of a book, magazine, or newspaper. Underscore or place these titles in italics. Do not capitalize articles, conjunctions, or prepositions with fewer than four letters unless they are the first or last words in the title. PP 6-8a Ames Daily Tribune Travel and Leisure The Boston GlobeSports Illustrated magazine Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

18. Business English at Work Capitalization Publications Capitalize the first letters of all the main words in works such as chapters in books, magazine articles, plays, musical productions, movies, documentaries, speeches, radio and television programs, and poems. Place quotation marks around these titles. Do not capitalize articles, conjunctions, or prepositions with fewer than four letters unless they are the first or last words in the title. PP 6-8b “The Death of a Salesman” (play) “Phantom of the Opera” (musical production) continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

19. Business English at Work Capitalization Events and Holidays Capitalize the names of historical and current events, holidays, and special events. PP 6-9 Vietnam War Thanksgiving Labor Day Leukemia Curathon Summit Avenue Walking Tour Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

20. Business English at Work Capitalization Acts, Bills, and Laws Capitalize specific titles of laws, acts, codes, and amendments. PP 6-10 Child Safety Law 102 Family and Medical Leave Act Do not capitalize general names of laws, acts, codes, or amendments. the animal control regulations several conservation bills Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

21. Business English at Work Capitalization Academic Degrees Capitalize a specific academic degree that follows a person’s name. PP 6-11 Jan Reynolds, Ph.D., teaches time management. Do not capitalize academic degrees used in a general way. She received her associate’s degree from Pikes Peak Community College. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

22. Business English at Work Capitalization Languages Always capitalize names of specific languages. PP 6-12 Mark speaks Danish and Swedish fluently. This computer program translates English into Japanese. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

23. Business English at Work Capitalization Education Levels, Subjects, and Courses Capitalize a specific education course title. PP 6-13 Office Communications 202 Do not capitalize the general name of a course or area of study or a general level of education. majoring in computer applications earning an accounting certificate completed classes in business English and communications Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

24. Business English at Work Capitalization Ethnic Designations Capitalize the names of nationalities, ethnic groups, and races. PP 6-14 Native Americans British Asian Hispanic Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

25. Business English at Work Capitalization Religious References Capitalize the names of specific religious groups, religious days and books, names of churches, and any adjectives formed from religious terms. PP 6-15 JudaismKoran ChristiansEaster Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

26. Business English at Work Capitalization Days, Months, and Seasons Capitalize days of the week and months of the year. PP 6-16 MondaySeptember Do not capitalize the name of a season unless it is listed with a specific year or is included in the specific name of an event. summer sales Art in Autumn Festival Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

27. Business English at Work Capitalization Time Periods Do not capitalize time periods, decades, or centuries used in a general way. PP 6-17 first-quarter earningsthe last century Do not capitalize a.m. or p.m. or general times of the day. The seminar began at 9 a.m. Our luncheon will start at noon. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

28. Business English at Work Capitalization Compass Directions Capitalize compass directions when they designate specific regions of the country. PP 6-18 the far EastNorthern Ireland Capitalize derivatives of specific regions. SouthernersWesterners Do not capitalize general compass points or directions. northern Minnesotaeast side of Chicago turn west on Interstate 5travel north on Ely Road Capitalize compass points that are part of a street name. 250 South Eastman Lane312 Swan Drive, SE Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

29. Business English at Work Capitalization Abbreviations Capitalize an abbreviation representing a proper noun. PP 6-19 UPSUnited Parcel Service AFLACAmerican Family Life Assurance Company Capitalize some shortened forms of common nouns. CPAcertified public accountant PCpersonal computer CEOchief executive officer Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

30. Business English at Work Capitalization Nouns With Letters and Numbers Capitalize nouns when they precede a letter or number. PP 6-20 Volume 5Highway 126 Do not capitalize the first letters of the words line, paragraph, page, size, and verse when they precede a number. page 3paragraph 4 Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

31. Business English at Work Capitalization Trademarks, Brand Names, and Product Names Capitalize trademarks or specific brand names. PP 6-21 MaytagKleenex Do not capitalize the type of product. appliancestissues Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

32. Business English at Work Capitalization First Words Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation that is a complete sentence. PP 6-22 Brenda said, “We are finishing a project.” Do not capitalize the first word of a quotation that cannot stand as a complete sentence. My manager said there is no “free lunch.” Do not capitalize the first word of the second part of an interrupted quotation. “Wasted time,” Elaine said, “helps you reduce tension.” Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

33. Business English at Work Capitalization Capitalizing Words Following a Colon Capitalize the first word following a colon if two or more complete sentences are involved. PP 6-23a Consider these ideas for overcoming procrastination: Set a deadline and stick with it. Start with small portions of the project. Do not capitalize the first word of material following a colon if it is not a complete sentence. Shelly said time wasters are categorized into two types: internal and external. Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

34. Business English at Work Capitalization Capitalizing Words Following a Colon Capitalize the first word of a sentence that follows a colon if the sentence states a formal rule (regulation) or needs emphasis. PP 6-23b Remember: Do priority tasks first. Do not capitalize the first word of a sentence that follows a colon if the sentence simply expands or completes the first part of the sentence. Michelle had one major goal for the day: she wanted to complete the report. continued Advanced English Structures; Lectured by CHUM PISETH

35. Business English at Work © 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill End of References