2. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Requirements and Tradeoffs “Securing and Growing Aviation” Amr ElSawy Tom Berry Greg Nelson Center for Advanced Aviation System Development The MITRE Corporation ATC Maastricht Conference 2005

3. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. The Events of 9/11 Changed the Aviation World “What is new is the range, scale, and intensity of the threat” – Kofi Anon, 2 Dec 2004, The Economist

4. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Working to Make Air Transportation More Secure Prevent React Protect

5. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. But Where Has That Left the Passenger? Source: http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/Jan-13-Tue-2004/photos/airport.jpg

6. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Imbedding Security in Every Element of The System – Use Time and Space ATM Pilots Aircraft Travel Services Passengers Airlines Hotels, Ground Transport Schedules, Delays, fares, market offers Schedules, Delays, cancellations Schedule, status Status, Conditions, Fuel, etc. Flight Data, Instructions ETMS, ATC Software OAG/CRS, marketing info Type, status Services Provided status Itineraries

7. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Aviation Security Must Serve the Traveling Public Complement, not dominate the experience Avoid Stove Pipes Manage Flows Use Space and Time Continuous Sensing Photo credits: UL. http://www.the-human-race.com/images/environment/smokestacks.jpg, UR.,LL. http://www.anvil- media.com/archives/070102/gallery.html, LR. www.crispata.com/sample/pages/ smokestack_color_submit.htmlhttp://www.the-human-race.com/images/environment/smokestacks.jpghttp://www.anvil- media.com/archives/070102/gallery.html

8. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Active, Alert, Aware, Fast, Resilient, Responsive, Comprehensive ? Baggage the tests positive for biological agents The 3 rd stolen rental car in 3 weeks found near an airport An increase in airport specific terrorist chatter in the last 3 weeks Suspicious activity at the checkpoint DOJ DoD/Northcom Intelligence Community General & Biz Aviation Airlines Airports Profitable, manageable travel Freight Forwarders Local Law Enforcement TSA Protect transportation systems, ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce DHS CBP DoT FAA DHS IA&IP Manufacturers & Shippers Aircraft Manufacturers NTSB Aviation Training Orgs Travel agents & GDSs Risk Assessment Providers CDC DOS Public/Industry Government DHS S&T NASA Travelers DHS EPR

9. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Limited Choice is Accompanied by Information Asymmetries ? ? Hmm?

10. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. DOJ DoD/Northcom Intelligence Community Local Law Enforcement TSA DHS CBP DoT FAA DHS IA&IP NTSB CDC DOS Government DHS S&T NASA DHS EPR Traditional Systems and Organizations Limit Information Choice General & Biz Aviation Airlines Airports Freight Forwarders Manufacturers & Shippers Aircraft Manufacturers Aviation Training Orgs Travel agents & GDSs Risk Assessment Providers Public/Industry Travelers If we knew all of the connections, we could build a roadmap to a more secure transportation environment

11. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Richness vs. Reach A very rich exchange of detailed information but limited to a very few VS. Alert Level Yellow A very broad exchange of information but with little detail or context Traditional systems and structures require a tradeoff between…

12. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. But there is another way…Connect

13. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. It’s a Matter of Putting the … Right Information Right Place Right Time

14. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Imagine A World… Swift Travel.Com Video File

15. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Behind the Scenes, the Security System Makes Flights More Secure Swift Travel.Com Video File

16. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Architecture Principles for the “New System” Efficient Flow in all segments of system Multi-layered security enclaves using space and time Early detection and correlation of events Increase automation decision aids Avoid/protect single points of failure Provide common inter-organization situational awareness Construct self-healing information/decision networks Distributed/mobile command and control Manage the “soft inside”

17. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. Important Challenges Aligning policies, regulations and institutional relationships Distributed Training and Scenario Execution Privacy v. Anonymity Investment choices and timing to implement capabilities Asymmetric and Distributed Threats

18. © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. “ Move Anyone or Anything, Anywhere, Anytime, On Time AND Know Almost Anything about Almost Everything in Almost Real Time”