1. Nose and paranasal sinuses
Dr. Lubna Nazli

2. Objectives External nose Nasal cavity : its boundaries
Lateral wall : structure, blood & nerve supply, lymphatic drainage
Nasal septum : structure, blood & nerve supply, lymphatic drainage
Paranasal sinuses :list of sinuses, boundaries, relations, communications, blood & nerve supply, lymphatic drainage

3. External nose

4. Bony :nasal bones, and the frontal processes of the maxilla
Cartilaginous

5. Nasal cavity
The nasal chambers are situated one on either side of the median plane.
They open in front through the nares, and communicate behind through the choana with the nasal part of the pharynx.

6. Boundaries
The roof of the nasal cavity is narrow from side to side, and may be divided, into sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and frontonasal parts, after the bones which form it.
The floor is concave from side to side and almost horizontal antero-posteriorly; its anterior three-fourths are formed by the palatine process of the maxilla, its posterior fourth by the horizontal process of the palatine bone.

8. Lateral wall showing conchae

9. Lat wall

12. Nerve supply Nerves of ordinary sensation are:
nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic
anterior alveolar branch of the maxillary
nerve of the pterygoid canal
nasopalatine, the anterior palatine, and nasal branches of the sphenopalatine ganglion
Special sensory : olfactory nerve

15. PARANASAL SINUSES The paranasal sinuses of the nose are
frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary.
They are lined by ciliated mucous membrane directly continuous with that of the nasal cavities.

18. Frontal sinuses Frontal Sinuses
situated behind the superciliary arches.
Each opens into the anterior part of the corresponding middle meatus of the nose through the frontonasal duct.
Absent at birth, develop between the seventh and eighth years, but reach their full size after puberty

19. Ethmoidal sinuses Ethmoidal Air Cells
consist of numerous thin-walled cavities situated in the ethmoidal labyrinth.
They lie between the upper parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits.
They are arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior.
The anterior and middle groups open into the middle meatus of the nose.
The posterior cells open into the superior meatus.
The ethmoidal cells begin to develop during fetal life.

20. Sphenoidal Sinuses Sphenoidal Sinuses
contained within the body of the sphenoid. vary in size and shape.
Each sinus communicates with the sphenoethmoidal recess by means of an aperture in the upper part of its anterior wall.
They are present as minute cavities at birth, but their main development takes place after puberty.

21. Maxillary Sinus Maxillary Sinus (antrum of Highmore)
the largest sinus of the nose, is a pyramidal cavity in the body of the maxilla.
Boundaries :
Its base is formed by the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Its apex extends into the zygomatic process.
Its roof or orbital wall is frequently ridged by the infra-orbital canal
Its floor is formed by the alveolar process and is a little below the level of the floor of the nose.
In its base is an opening through which it communicates with the hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)
The maxillary sinus appears by the fourth month of fetal life, but does not reach its full size until after the second dentition. 

22. Applied anatomy Epistaxis
Fracture of cribriform plate: anosmia & CSF rhinorrhea
Deviation of nasal septum: trauma or congenital
Sinusitis