1. Before Notes/ reading
Y/N
After Notes/ Reading
A revolution always has a positive outcome
Someone loses power during a revolution
Every revolution is a war
A revolution may result in the birth of a new nation

2. 8.11 B Describe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of physical environment of the United States
8.27A Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, cotton gin and interchangeable parts
8.27B Analyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth, development, and urbanization of the United States

3. Revolution
an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed
a sudden, complete or marked change in something

4. The Industrial Revolution

5. What was it?
the change from an agricultural society to industrial because new factories in the
northeast states
Show video Clip Life before Industrial Revolution

6. When did it happen?
the Industrial Revolution began in the United States around 1800 in the New England states

7. Why did it begin the Northeast?
New England had poor soil for farming
Northeast has many rivers = waterpower for factories
NE had port cities for shipping to other states and across the Atlantic
Subsistence farmers were willing to move to the cities

8. The Industrial Revolution occurred because of…
FREE ENTERPRISE – people are free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose
Which founding father supported an economy based on free enterprise?
The government had few regulations to control the economy

9. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution started in the late in Britain and spread to the United States as an effect of the War of

11. The Industrial Revolution required the invention of new machines and technology – which is scientific discoveries that simplify work.
Congress created patents to protect inventors’ new inventions from being copied.
Show video clip the Industrial Revolution comes to America

12. It began in the textile industry, but soon transferred to other industries.
Work shifted from homes to factories, where workers could be supervised and where water and steam power could be used to run machines

13. Ultimately, the Industrial Revolution occurred as a combination of the following events:
Rise of the factory system
Use of steam power
Mass production of goods
Industrial
Revolution

14. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which was a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton. Farm production increased dramatically.

15. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Cotton became more profitable = an increase in the need for slave labor
Removed seeds from cotton
Show video clip the cotton gin

16. Factories
Factory System – a system bringing manufacturing steps together under one roof or in one place. Most employees were women and children working LONG hours.
Show video factory and the growth of the cities

17. Francis Lowell- opened the Lowell factory in Massachusetts
Francis Lowell- opened the Lowell factory in Massachusetts. Employed mostly young girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and low wages.
These conditions had an impact on the child labor laws the
U.S. has today.

18. Lowell, Massachusetts in 1850

19. Lowell Mill

20. Francis Lowell opened the factory
Lowell Girls
Francis Lowell opened the factory
What was their typical “profile”? – young girls, bad conditions, long hours

21. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
Show video factories and the girls

22. New Development – Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable parts – identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product

23. Importance of Interchangeable parts Allowed for mass production of a variety of goods so… prices were reduced

24. Eli Whitney & Interchangeable Parts
Could build 10 different rifles from these pieces
Show video impact of Interchangeable parts

25. textile industries -factories that produced clothing and cloth items from cotton; located in North

26. Early Textile Loom

27. New England Textile Centers: 1830s
Show video Textile Manufacturing

28. The Cotton Gin’s Impact on Slavery
The demand for southern cotton grew dramatically because of the cotton gin and the increased number of textile mills in the north that needed cotton
more northern textile mills =
more southern slaves!

29. Brief Summary of the Plantation System
Large plantations were comprised of several thousand acres. Plantation owners had slaves to do all the work. Some worked in the house, some were trained as blacksmiths, carpenters, shoe makers, or weavers, and others worked with animals in pastures. However, most worked long hours in the fields.

30. The Cotton Gin Continued…
The cotton gin made it possible to clean cotton faster and less expensively than by hand. This encouraged the planters to raise larger cotton crops which required more slaves.
Therefore. . .

31. higher demand for cotton more textile mills in north
cotton gin =
higher demand for cotton
more textile mills in north
more slaves in south to work
plantations
Which leads to…

32. Students will complete “ The Impact of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin”
Stop
Students will complete “ The Impact of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin”

33. Regional Specialization
North – industrialization
South – agriculture (cotton and slavery)

34. Farming During the Industrial Revolution
New England farms were small, usually subsistence farms
Western farmers raised pork and cash crops such as corn and wheat.
Southern farmers planted cash crops such as cotton, rice, and tobacco

35. Urbanization Prompted by Industrial Revolution
Growth of factories and trade caused the growth of towns and cities
Locations of factories depended on the geography of the area
Urban = Cities
Rural = Country

36. Five Common Problems of Early Cities
Streets and sidewalks unpaved & animals roaming freely

37. 2. Pollution from factories

38. 3. No sewers

39. 4. Diseases easily spread due to poor sanitation

40. 5. Fires spread easily due to close quarters and few fire companies
Show video con: living during the industrial revolution

43. The Census and Population
Census – officially counts the population of the U.S. every 10 years
The first census occurred in and the population of the United States was nearly 4 million

44. The 1790 Census

45. First Census
Most of the population lived east of the Appalachian Mountains and within a few hundred miles of the Atlantic coast
By 1820, the population reached 10 million with 2 million living west of the Appalachian Mountains

46. U.S. Population Centers in 1820

47. U.S. Population Centers in 1860

48. Thought Spot Look at the population maps from 1820 and 1860.
What were the U.S. largest cities in 1820?
What were the U.S. largest cities in 1860?

49. Transportation
Because the nation needed good inland roads for travel and for the shipment of goods, private companies built turnpikes or toll roads
Fees paid to use these roads were used for construction and upkeep of the roads
“Pay to use the road!”

50. The National Road was approved by Congress in 1806 that connected the east with the west. The first section opened in 1818, connecting Maryland to western Virginia. Years later, it ended in Illinois. The National Road made the migration of people easier.

51. National Road,

52. Pros & Cons to River Travel
Most rivers ran north & south BUT…most people traveling to the west!
Upstream against current slow
More comfortable than horse & buggy
Get ALL goods on barges & float direction of current

53. Clipper Ships
Moved quickly through waters – “clipped” time off the trip across the Atlantic

54. The Steamboat
Robert Fulton developed the first steamboat in 1807; named “Clermont”
Early steamboats easily blew up because there were no regulations on who could run steamboats and the boilers that created steam had no safety valve to stop overheating and slow pressure
Show video steam power

55. Robert Fulton and the Steamboat
Steamboat Effects:
improved transport goods & people on inland rivers
economic productivity (ship goods – faster, easier, cheaper)
helped river cities grow – St. Louis
The Clermont – 1807

56. Canals Canal – an artificial (man-made) waterway
The first canal was the 363 mile Erie Canal connecting Albany, New York on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York on Lake Erie. It was completed on October 26, 1825.

57. Erie Canal – 1825

58. Canals Continued…
Three results of the increase in canals in the U.S. between and 1850:
Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods
Brought prosperity (money) to towns along their routes
Helped unite the growing country

59. Stop
America Story of Us
WESTWARD minutes 44 -1:08

60. The Railroads Connect America!

61. 1830  13 miles of track 1850  9000 mi. of RR track 1860  31,000 mi.
The “Iron Horse” 1830
1830  13 miles of track  9000 mi. of RR track  31,000 mi.

62. The Railroad Revolution, 1850s
Immigrants built the northern railroads
Slaves built the southern railroads

63. Issues Caused by Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution led to some issues regarding the powers of the federal government versus those of the states. The Supreme Court stepped in to help settle these issues.
Which cases from Unit 4 am I referring to?
Video Quiz using notes and vidoes

64. Americans had strong allegiance to the region of the US they lived in – Westerners, Southerners, or Northerners
Leads to problems known as
Sectionalism

65. Sectionalism Disagreements Among North And South
Slavery
Need for tariffs
States’ rights
Internal improvements (paying for the improvements in U.S. transportation systems)

66. Southern Spokesman John C. Calhoun – represented South Carolina
said NO to tariffs –it would raise prices of manufactured goods that South had to buy

67. Northern Spokesman Daniel Webster – represented New Hampshire
said YES to tariffs – protect American industries from foreign competition because foreign goods would cost more $ (buy American!)

68. Henry Clay – represented Kentucky
Western Spokesman
Henry Clay – represented Kentucky
Tried to compromise
with both

69. Thought Spot
Create a bridge map relating the spokesmen to the area they represent