1. COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA 503 LECTURE 32
REVISION SESSION II

2. Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INDIA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
1) Type of Constitution
Unwritten and flexible, oldest constitutional system, blend of monarchy aristocracy and democracy convention and statues
Written and rigid, oldest written, constitution, 2/3 votes of both houses required to amend
Written and rigid, impact of French revolution a new constitution after every 12 years
Written and rigid,
Meiji constitution was authoritarian
Renunciation of war
Written and rigid, sovereign socialist, secular democratic republic
Written and rigid, Islamic republic
2) Nature of state
Unitary and monarchy, local governments vested with sufficient powers
Federal and republic , Federation of 50 states with residuary power vested in the states
Unitary and republic, all powers vested in a single supreme government, more unitary then Britain
Unitary and monarchy, the Diet can expand or diminish authority of provincial governments
Federal and republic, majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law
Federal and republic, recent devolution of powers from higher to lower governments

3. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
3) Type of Government
Parliamentary
House of commons is the powerful house
Presidential
Senate is the powerful house
Quasi-Presidential
The constitution does not specifically provide for any form of government
Emperor nominal executive by cabinet is the real executive
Prime Minister is the real executive
4) Type of Legislature
Bicameral ( Parliament- House of Lords & house of Commons)
Bicameral ( Congress-senate & house of representatives )
Bicameral (Parliament – senate & National Assembly)
Bicameral (Diet-house of councilors )
Bicameral
Raj Saba and Lok Saba
Senate and National Assembly

4. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
5) Model of Bureaucracy
Weberian (patronage)
Weberian (spoil system)
Weberian (merit base powerful, centralized)
Previously Offices are sold
Weberian (merit based elitist)
Weberian ( merit based powerful)
Weberian (merit based powerful)
6) Machinery for Redress of citizen’s grievances
Parliamentary commissioner for administration
Whitley councils
No special Machinery
Administrative courts
No special machinery
Directorate of Public Grievances in the cabinet division
Ombudsman
Service tribunal

5. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
7) Autonomy of local Governments
Less autonomy
More autonomy
No autonomy
Developing autonomy
8) Political Rights of Civil servants
Restricted at higher level and permitted at lower level
Restricted
Enjoyed( bureaucrats are allowed to politicize)
limited

6. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
9) Rights to strike of civil servants
No denied legally
Legally denied
Legally permitted
Not allowed
10) Recruitment of civil savants
Merit system
High degree of centralization
Considered and administrative state

7. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
11) Right to Association of civil servants
Given
given
12) Retirement age for civil servant
60-65 years
65-70 years
60 years
After retirement civil servants are adjusted in private sectors

8. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
13) Financial year
April to March
July to June
Jan. to December
14) Type of Budget
Single Budget
Single budget
Plural Budget
Plural budget

9. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
15) Type of planning
Capitalistic
16) Party system
Two-party
Multi-party

10. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
17) Political order
Liberal-democracy
Mature democracy
Developing democracy
18) Central planning machinery
No centralized planning body
Economic advisory council
Planning commissariat
Economic planning agency
Planning commission

11. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
19) Central financial agency
Treasury
Office management and budget
Ministry of finance and economy
Ministry of finance
20) Central recruitment
Civil service commission
Office of personnel management
Ecole Nationaled’ administration
National personnel authority
Union public service commission
Federal public service commission

12. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
21) Central auditing agency
Comptroller and Auditor-General
Comptroller General
Court of accounts
Board of audit
Auditor-general
22) Judicial Review
Absent
Present
available

13. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
23) Major Political Parties
Conservative and Labour
Democratic and Republican
Communist, socialist, and Union for new Republic
Democratic, Japan Socialist, democratic socialist, and communist
Congress, Communist party of India, and BJP
PML-N, Peoples party, PTI
24) Type of franchise
Universal Adult franchise
Universal adult franchise

14. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
25) Central personnel agency
Treasury (1612) and office of the Minister for Civil Service (1987)
Office of Personnel Management (1978)
Central Civil Service Directorate (1946)
National Personnel Authority (1949)
Ministry of personnel
Establishment division
26) Governmental organization regulated by
Executive
Legislature

15. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
28) Basic Administrative Unit
Single Ministry
Double Executive Department
Single ministry

16. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
29) Central Training Agency
Civil Service College (1969)
No Central Training Agency
Ecole nationaled’ Administration
Institute of public administration
National Academy of administration
Civil service Academy
30) Type of classification in civil service
Rank
Position

17. Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
31) Local government Tier
County ,
( Metropolitan / non metropolitan)
District(
metropolitan/non metropolitan)
Perishes / towns
Borrows (London)
Counties/ municipality,
City town/ township,
Village,
Special districts
Department,
Arrondisement,
Canton,
commune
Prefecture ,
City town village,
District,
Zila Parishat,
Mandal panchayat,
Gram panchayat
( 3million elected panchayat members)
Tehsil ,
Union
32) Top local Chief Executive
County Chairman
Prefect
Governor
Administrative Officer
Nazim

18. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
33) Historical basis of recruitment
Patronage system
Spoils system
System of Sale of Offices
Patronage System
Merit system
34) Head of the State
King/Queen
President
Emperor

19. Elements of Comparison
Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture)
USA (Participant Civic Culture)
FRANCE (classic administrative system)
JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration)
INIDA (Mature Democracy)
PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy)
35) More Powerful House
Lower House
Upper House