1. DARKROOM ,PROCESSING & Artifacts REVIEW

2. Types of Safelights Kodak Wratten 6B – brownish red filter
7.5 to 15 watt 4 feet above counter
Kodak GBX – brighter (reddish) light is directed upwards
White walls and dust free
What type of film was amber filter used for?

3. SAFELIGHTS

4. Safelight distance?

5. UNLOAD EXPOSED FILM

6. FILM BIN - STORAGE

7. FILM ID PRINTER
What information
Must be present
For Legal reasons?

8. PT ID
LEGAL
SHOULD NOT BE WRITTEN ON

9. Film/IMAGE Identification
Pt name
Exam date & time
Pt x-ray number
Pt Birthday/DOB
Rt or Lt marker
Optional
Exam type
Dr. Name

10. Position of film travel on feed tray may determine type of artifact
What are the 3 classification?

11. Processing Film Floor model Table top (LAB)
Close the lid
Before leaving

12. No longer in use in clinics DARKROOM DAYLIGHT Processor Processor

14. NOTES ON PROCESSING
DEVELOPER
FIXER
WASH
DRY

15. LOAD CASSETTE

20. Stored on end prevents what type of artifact
Check expiration

21. DEVELOPER
FIXER
WASH
DRY
WATER - SOLVENT

23. Silver recovery

24. silver recovery- see notes
A final consideration in film processing is silver recovery.
This term is the process by which silver in the processing chemicals is reclaimed and recycled by a unit, such as the one shown in the illustration.
This recycling is important for two reasons.
Silver has economic value in its recycled form and helps recover some of the cost of the unexposed film, which is expensive, in part, because of the silver in it.
Secondly, federal regulations require that heavy metals like silver be reclaimed from waste solutions before they are disposed of, to prevent pollution of the environment. Roughly half the silver in the film ends up dissolved in the fixer in the automatic processor. Different kinds of silver recovery units are used to process the used fixer to recover the silver.

25. List the 3 types of silver recovery systems

26. Metallic, Electyolytic & Chemical

27. “FILM” & IMAGE ARTIFACTS
REV 11/09

28. ARTIFACTS: AN UNWANTED DENSITY ON THE FILM
Can be a PLUS density (dark ) or MINUS density (LIGHT)

30. Artifacts - Types
Processing Artifacts
Exposure Artifacts
Handling & Storage Artifacts

31. Exposure Artifacts Motion Improper patient position
Wrong screen-film match
Poor film/screen contact
Double exposure
Warped cassette
Improper grid position

32. PATHOLOGY ?

33. pneumonia

34. Pathology?

35. Progressive massive fibrosis

37. SCOLIOSIS

39. GRIDS CAN LEAVE LINES ON THE IMAGE

40. POOR
DETAIL
GOOD DETAIL

41. Lack of contact between film and cassette can cause “blurring” of the image

42. When there is a space between the contact of the film to the intensifying screens, a larger amount of light is allowed to reach the film – causing “more density” on fim

43. POOR SCREEN CONTACT

44. Patient motion

45. Blurring of image due to patient movement during exposure.

47. Artifact

48. CR image – NEW IMAGE
Line caused from dirt collected in a CR Reader

51. Patient swallowed batteries
What size are they?

52. cast

53. Processing Artifacts Emulsion pickoff Chemical fog Guide-shoe marks
Water marks
Chemical spots
Guide-shoe & roller scratches

54. Developer Spots

55. Water spot

56. Discolored film due to hypo (fixer) retention.
Chemicals not washed off – over time will turn film brown

57. Scratch marks from rollers in automatic processor.

58. PATIENT ARTIFACT - JEWERLY

59. Handling & Storage Artifacts
Light fog
Radiation fog
Static
Kink marks
Scratches
Dirty cassettes

60. Crimping /cresent mark

61. 2 exposures made on top of each other –
Double Exposure
2 exposures made on top of each other –
from poor handling of cassettes

63. Type and cause?

64. Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.

65. Scratch marks from improper handling.

66. Light fog Vs
Radiation fog
HOW can you tell the difference on a film/ cassette?

67. Kink mark or nail pressure mark

68. motion

69. Double exposure Child

70. Poor screen contact

71. Double exposure

72. Exposure Artifacts Could be corrected before exposure = Jewelry
Hands in the anatomy
Something on the patient

73. ?
Hands over upper abdomen

74. Is it motion or double exposure?

76. Pt clothing

77. Hip replacement

78. 2 chest tubes in the patient

80. PATHOLOGY NOT ARTIFACT

81. Name & cause of this?

82. scratches

83. Pacemaker

84. Digital image
Mis-
Registrationi
error

85. Roller marks from film stuck – then pulled from processor

86. Hardware
In cervical
spine

87. Dust in imaging plate can cause white marks on image –
Both in film/screen and computed radiography

88. E E G MONITOR

89. Does this show good detail?
Is all of the anatomy present?
How is the density / contrast?

90. Does this show good detail? Is all of the anatomy present?
YES
Is all of the anatomy present?
No (part of the little finger is not seen)
How is the density / contrast?
Density – a little “light” underexposed
Contrast is good

91. Which image shows “better” detail
Slower speed
Faster speed

92. CR - ? Which shows “better detail” Why/how?
8 x 10 cassette x 17 cassette

93. See anything wrong with this image?

94. Contrast? What influences this? in f/s & CR?

95. ?

96. What are the following types of artifact classifications
What are the following types of artifact classifications? Handling/Storage Exposure Processing (Chemical)

97. NEW IMAGE
Double expousure
Femur & chest

98. grid cut-off Grid lines grids are not necessary for a 3 year old

99. Review of some CR artifacts

100. NEW IMAGE
towel that was used to help in positioning a child
CR is MORE sensitive to
ARTIFACTS

101. What do you
See?
2 exposures

102. Collimation – reducing the size of beam helps to improve the image, and reduce the dose to the patient

103. Discarded x-ray film used to make ♫ records ♫