1. Preliminary Design Review
C09012
Anchorage, AK
Mike DeMayo – Foundation Engineer
Jason Baker – Architectural Engineer
Phil Lazeski – Structural
Abiy Abebe – Fluid Systems Engineer
Chuck Nwapa – Building Thermal Engineer
Josh Sharaf – Thermal System Engineer
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2. Agenda Foundation Design Architectural – Floor Plan
Structural – Roof Truss Design
Fluid System Design
Building Thermal – Wall Design
Thermal System Design

3. Home Foundation Details
Cold climate demands specific foundation design.
Most homes in Alaska do not have a basement due to permafrost conditions that are not conducive to construction.
Anchorage has a milder climate than other Alaskan cities.
Design features required for a basement in Anchorage.
Heated foundation walls and floor.
Design must be flexible to accommodate severe thermal stresses.
Summer construction is required to work with the ground when its not frozen.

4. Home Foundation Details
Types of foundations
Poured concrete
Block foundations
Poured foundations
More flexible designs
Initially easier to protect against leaks because it is a single sheet
Able to incorporate a heating system to heat FDN walls
Less labor involved in construction
Block Foundations
Consists of bricks fit together with mortar
More labor to assemble
Able to flex more with thermal stress
Harder to design a custom shape

5. Available Options for Anchorage Alaska
Frost line and potential permafrost locations determine whether a basement or foundation slab can be applied.
If building location is perma-frosted it is likely that only a slab for the home can be built
Otherwise, basements can be built during the warm part of the year when digging is possible.
Some homes use heated foundation walls to create an artificial non-frosted ground layer around the foundation

6. Functions of Basement Support house
Be accessible from outside and inside the house
Store solar hot water tanks and auxiliary heating systems
Insulate home from potentially frozen ground
Which concrete is best?
Lightweight concrete
Heavyweight Concrete
Compressive Strength (psi)
4350
Up to 19000
Density (lb/in^3)
.0343
.235
*Concrete must provide a factor of safety between 4-6 for the 2200 ft^2 house.
**Ave. weight of 2200 ft^2 is 60 psf for the first floor and 40 psf for the first floor

7. Concrete Details
Alaskan building code requires basement walls to be reinforced with rebar to counteract the force from the existing soil onto the walls of the foundation
Total weight of house is approximately lbs.
Rebar-ed concrete has compressive strength of about 4000 psi.
To support the house the walls need to be inches thick to account for a factor of safety of 5.

8. Basement Design Grade of hill has some advantages and disadvantages
Allows for outdoor access to basement
Requires excavation to existing ground to allow foundation to sit flush with the ground.
Brown filling indicates ground that needs to be removed.
Ground may also need to be removed on the lower side to allow the south footing to be below the frost line.

9. Basement Design Drawing
Preliminary general arrangement of basement, including outdoor access door and hot water tank storage.
Load bearing wall is located on the soil-side wall to help brace against the force of the outside soil.
*Door faces South, towards lower part of slope

10. Ground Floor

11. Second Floor

12. Roof Truss Design House Dimensions – 25’ x 44’
25’ span + 1’ overhang both sides, 27’ truss
23 Structural trusses + 2 for overhang both sides
Spacing – 24” on center
4/12, 6/12 common 12/12 optimal insolation
Snow = 12.5 lbs/ft3, 70.6” avg. yearly snowfall
Apply standard truss designs, common building materials, and static analysis.
Factor of safety 4-6 times

13. Roof Truss Design
Example of standard 4/12 pitch Howe truss capable of spanning 24’ - 36’ using 2”x4” members.
Truss information from:

14. Hydronic System System Parameters Black band lives here!
Glycol disrupts hydrogen boding when mixed with water therefore lowering the freezing point
Backup water heater is necessary because of low average peak sun-hours in Anchorage
Must circulate an antifreeze fluid through collectors (e.g. glycol water solution)
Drainage system to drain fluids during no-use period
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15. General schematic of system
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120 gallon storage tank to ensure enough hot water is available
Double-walled heat exchanger inside tank to prevent contamination of fluid
Controller to activate/deactivate the pump when appropriate temperature difference is reached
Valves for maintenance purposes

16. Analysis of head that needs to be overcome
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17. Pump Options Black band lives here! Our Price: $85.16
Extreme-Head Compact Bronze Turbine-Style Centrifugal Pumps
With a turbine-style impeller, these pumps generate 10 times the pressure of a standard centrifugal pump at the same diameter and speed. These have a much smaller footprint compared to multistage pressure-boosting centrifugal pumps. Great for debris-free applications with chillers, heat exchangers, and boiler feed systems. Both housing and impeller are bronze. Pumps are not self-priming—they must be placed at or below the level of liquid being pumped. Do not run dry or against a closed valve. Do not use with solids. Motors are open dripproof (ODP), continuous duty, and have thermal overload protection (unless noted). Single-phase motors have screw terminals; three-phase motors have 4" wire leads. Connections are NPT female. Maximum viscosity is 55 centipoise (similar to SAE 10 oil). Temperature range is -20° to +225°  F.
Price: $565.80
Common Compatible Chemicals Ethylene Glycol, Hydraulic Oil (petroleum based only), Motor Oil (up to 70° F), Water (up to 180° F)   
 Max. Flow, gpm Max. VAC 350 ft.ft. of 60 Hz PipeOverall Size, of Headof Headof Headof HeadHeadhp(phase)AmpsSizeHt. x Wd. x Dp.Each  1/3115/ (1)9.6/4.81"6 7/8" x 6 1/2" x 13 5/8
Small Solar Hot Water Pump: The circulator pump measures the temperature of your hot water at the outlet of your storage tank and the inlet of the Solar Hot Water Collector. The Standard Solar Hot Water Controller is designed to handle a system made of two SunMaxx Solar Collectors (Flat Plate or Evacuated Tubes), and is generally more than enough to handle most small to medium-sized residential applications; 1 to 2 people
Our Price: $85.16
Specifications:Flow Range: 0-18 GPMGPM
Head Range: ft
Minimum Fluid Temperature: 40 F (4 C)Maximum Fluid Temperature: 230 F (110 C)Connections: 3/4, 1, 1-1/4, 1-1/2 inWeight: 12 lbsMaximum Collectors In-Line: 2 SunMaxx 20 or 25 collectors
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18. 1ST PROPOSED WALL DESIGN (SECTIONAL VIEW)

19. THERMAL NETWORK

20. Table showing Calculated R-Values and total U-value

21. Assuming temp difference of 20C and with Wall area of (16m^2)
Assuming temp difference of 20C and with Wall area of (16m^2).Heat loss is Watts

22. 2nd PROPOSED WALL DESIGN (SECTIONAL VIEW)

23. THERMAL NETWORK 23

24. Table showing Calculated R-Values and total U-value

25. Assuming temp difference of 20C and with Wall area of (16m^2)
Assuming temp difference of 20C and with Wall area of (16m^2).Heat loss is Watts

26. Heat Losses calculated are by convection and conduction alone through the wall. Heat loss through windows and cracks are assumed minimal and therefore have not been accounted for.

27. Solar Thermal Analysis
Collector Modeled: Heliodyne Inc. Gobi 3366
Price per unit: $640
Optical Efficiency (Test Intercept): .734
130 ° water temperature
Area: 26.8 sq feet
Ideal Angle: 45 °
6 Collectors – Parametric Plot

28. Solar Thermal Analysis (ctnd.)
Usable – March to September
At least 80% of hot water from solar energy
June, July – 100%
.7-.8 Optical Efficiency
Alternatives
SKN 3.0 – Better Optical Efficiency
Solar Energy, Inc SE-28 – Greater Area

29. Solar Collector Seasonal Use

30. Parametric Plots – Collector Slope, Number of Panels