1. A Workshop for Communities Implementing Water Loss Management Prepared for Columbia Basin Trust by IKEN Services Ltd. May 2013 Leak Detection Methods

2. Introductions & Learning Objectives Review of Prior Work on Water Loss Leak Detection Methods & Equipment Break Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment Lunch Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment Break How Leak Detection Fits into a Water Loss Management Plan

3. By the end of this workshop participants will: Understand the role that leak detection plays in an overall Water Loss Management Program; Become familiar with the tools and equipment used in leak detection; Be able to identify types of distribution system leakage by various acoustic methods; Determine the feasibility and economy of common leak detection methods for their utility.

5. Community status reports On a sheet of flip chart paper, list the work done to date on water loss management in your utility.

6. IWA Water Balance Components Night Flow Analysis Real Loss vs. Background Leakage Quick Review from January 2013

7. 7 System Input Volume Authorized Consumption Revenue Water Non Revenue Water Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Apparent Losses Real Losses Water Losses Billed Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Meter Inaccuracies Leakage on Transmission & Distribution Mains Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point Leakage and Overflows at Reservoirs IWA Standard Water Balance 7

8. Putting the Pieces Together UARL calculation based on mains length, number of services, customer meter location average pressure Pressure Management Infrastructure Leakage Index ILI = CARL/UARL (ICF is zone ILI) Speed and Quality of Repairs Active Leakage Control Pipeline and Assets Management: Selection, Installation, Maintenance, Renewal, Replacement Unavoidable Annual Real Losses UARL Current Annual Real Losses CARL 8

9. Performance Indicator: – CARL/UARL Ratio of overall system management – Determines effectiveness in controlling Real Loss – Range from 1.0 (excellent) to 8+ (poor) Allows International and Inter-municipal comparison Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)

10. ICF is useful when working within DMA's and Pressure Managed Areas; Typically used where <3,000 connections; Takes into account the condition of mains, services and appurtenances within the DMA; Therefore, ICF = ILI Infrastructure Condition Factor (ICF)

11. Active leakage is defined as an active effort to locate and repair unreported leaks Sonic Survey Correlation Surveys Noise Logging Surveys Night Flow Sector Analysis Temporary or Permanent District Metered Area Step Testing Transmission Main Surveys Active Leakage Control Measures

12. We're going to look at acoustic methods of leak detection to support work done already in Night Flow Analysis within District Metered Areas. Active Leakage Control Measures

13. Tackling Unreported Break Awareness Awareness: length of time a leak runs before utility personnel are aware of it - you can't repair what you don't know is out there! ALR BURST DURATION FLOW RATE TIME

14. Tackling Unreported Break Location ALR BURST DURATION FLOW RATE TIME

15. Tackling Unreported Break Repair ALR BURST DURATION FLOW RATE TIME

16. Active Leakage Control Measures

17. Sonic Leak Surveys The basic method for finding any leak is sounding. This method involves listening to each main’s fitting and service connection stop taps in a zone, DMA or suspected area, to determine if there is a noise that could potentially be a leak.

18. Sonic Leak Surveys… Should be considered as a preventive maintenance program; conducted routinely regardless of whether more advanced leakage methods are used. Not as effective on non-metallic pipes. Can be labour intensive Difficult to determine achieved savings or effectiveness without other monitoring in place.

19. …Sonic Leak Surveys Incorporate listening methods when doing other maintenance: – Hydrants – Valves – Service repairs – Main repairs

20. Noise Logging Surveys Analysis of acoustic logger data A good leak noise will produce a steady concentrated sound. Typically a high peak with a narrow spread General wide spreads with no definite peaks are normal when no leaks are present

21. Noise Logging Surveys

22. Sonic Ground Microphone Surveys Hard on the technician – walking and listening! Everything sounds the same after a while. Very effective over short distances. Better used as leak location confirmation tool.

23. Correlation Surveys More effective then sonic surveys but also much more time consuming and expensive. Correlation equipment in constant development. Best used as a leak pinpointing tool.

24. Correlation Pinpointing Correlation is only as good as information provided! Proper training needed to interpret results. Always confirm with ground microphone, if possible.

25. Correlators in Hard Situations Unknown mixed pipe situation. I can hear it … but it won’t correlate! Background Noise!

26. Repair Time The “Repair” component deals with how quickly the leak is isolated or a repair crew is dispatched and the repair completed. The “Quality” aspect covers the actual repair itself and is geared towards ensuring the following key components: Safety Water Quality Proper Training Documentation

27. m 3 / day 75 reported mains burst 82.5 m 3 1.1 Days L m 3 / day unreported service connection burst > 4500 m 3 25 182.5 Days R A m 3 / day 16 Days reported service connection burst 400 m 3 25 R L A Bursts with high flow rates don’t produce the largest volume of Real Losses! Run time is a key factor.

28. Step Testing (Isolating (valving) sections of the DMA) Step testing lets you sector off parts of your DMAs to further prioritize leak localization efforts.

29. Reservoir Drop Test By isolating a reservoir to a known area and determining the rate of fall in the reservoir, minimum night flow can be established.

30. Active Leakage Control + Pressure Management Flow rates from unreported breaks are commonly estimated and added. But, as leaks are fixed, system pressure rises… …background leakage increases… …new breaks may be generated. Thus actual reduction in night flow is less then estimated. But…if pressure management is possible, pressure can be reduced as breaks are repaired. And full benefit obtained from active leakage control intervention.

32. Familiarization with types of leak detection equipment Locating leakage in real time Distinguishing between types of sound Logistics for conducting leak sweeps Group Work- Learning Objectives

33. Three Leak Areas Progress through each station Each operator uses equipment to pinpoint noise Move to next station Field Exercise- Agenda

34. Field Exercises- Location C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

35. Break into three groups: – Jamie- using the correlater area 1 – Mike- leak locating area 2 – Meredith/Elise- leak locating area 3 Group Work- Learning Objectives

37. Field Exercises- Location C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

38. Reform groups Return to each station Confirm leakage location and type Review successes/challenges with different types of equipment Move to next station Field Exercise- Agenda

40. With other members at your table, review your community's leak detection program Analyze needs in order to begin leak detection as presented Developing a Water Loss Plan

41. Present to the larger group results of your analysis and include: Budget Resources Developing a Water Loss Plan

42. What strategies are available to your community in order to meet Water Loss Targets? Advanced training? Pooled resources? Contract services? Developing a Water Loss Plan

43. What's Next for Your Community?

44. Summary Question & Answer Evaluation & Wrap Up

45. District Metered Areas Guidance Notes, 2007, J. Morrison, Water Loss Task Force Managing Leakage By DMA- A Practical Approach, J. Morrison, IWA Task Force 2004 A Manager's Non Revenue Water Handbook, Farley & Wyeth, 2008 AWWA Water Loss Committee NZ Water Loss Guidelines, Richard Taylor 2010

46. www.cbt.org/watersmart watersmart@cbt.org Meredith Hamstead, Coordinator Columbia Basin Water Smart