1. Respiratory System

2. The Process of Respiration
Respiration includes the following processes:
1.) Ventilation, which moves air into and out of the lungs
2.) Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood
3.) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
4.) Gas exchange between blood and the tissues

3. Functions of the Respiratory System
1.) Gas exchange 2.) Regulation of blood pH 3.) Voice production 4.) Olfaction 5.) Innate Immunity

4. Anatomy of the Respiratory Systems
Structures we will be looking at:
Nose and naval cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

5. Divisions of the Respiratory System
The Respiratory system is divided up into two divisions
Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, Naval cavity, pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

7. Nose and Naval Cavity
The nose is the visible structure that protrudes from the face. It is mostly composed of cartilage
The Nasal Cavity extends from the nares to the choana.
Nare: External openings of the nose (Nostrils)
Choana: Openings into the pharynx

8. More of the Nasal Cavity
Nasal Septum: A partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
Hard palate: Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Conchae: Three bony ridges present in the naval cavity, responsible for increasing the surface area.

10. Pharynx
Pharynx (throat): Is the common passageway of the respiratory system and digestive system
Functions of the Pharynx:
Swallowing: Contraction of the pharynx is controlled by swallowing.

11. Divisions of the Pharynx
1.) Nasopharynx
2.) oropharynx
3.) larygopharynx

12. Larynx
Larynx: Composed of cartilages and soft tissues which are connected by muscle and ligaments.

13. 3 Unpaired Cartilages Thryoid Cartilage: Largest cartilage
Crcioid Cartilage: Forms the base of the larynx where other cartilages rest
Epiglottis: Consists of elastic cartilage rather than (hyaline cartilage)
A flap that helps prevent swallowed materials from entering the larynx

15. Vocal Cords Ligaments that make up the Vocal Cords
1.) Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
-When they come together air cannot leave or enter lungs
2.) Vocal folds (true vocal cords)
-Primary source of voice production

16. Trachea Trachea: 5in long windpipe, lies anterior to the esophagus.
Composed of C shaped cartilages.
Responsible for protection, support, and expelling foreign materials by altering the diameter of the trachea.

17. Bronchi The trachea divides up into the two branches
Left and Right primary bronchi (bronchus)

18. Lungs
Lung: major organ involved in respiration, cone shaped with its base resting on diaphragm.
Lobes of the Lungs (Left has 2 lobes, right has 3 lobes)
Superior Lobe
Inferior Lobe
Middle Lobe (Only the Right lung)

19. Pathway Inside the Lungs
TracheaHilumPrimary bronchusSecondary bronchus Tertuary bronchusbronchiolesTerminal bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveoli
Alveolar ducts: cluster of small alveoli
Alveoli: small air sacs

20. Pathway Inside the Lungs

22. Review