1. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A: The Citizen and the State

2. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Exercise Are there mechanisms (e.g., laws, policies, organizations), real or conceived, that could serve as a means to creating global justice? Exercise: draw up a list of 10 such mechanisms and bring to class for discussion.

3. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship List generated in class (please add what I couldn’t remember, or new ones) World government International constitution/laws World court Restructure United Nations to include a working security council (with teeth?) Integrated emergency response system (monitoring stations for national disasters and infrastructure to transmit that info quickly) Tighter regulations on Non-profits so more $$ goes to causes Better incentives and punishment to individuals in cases of human rights violations UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) see: www.unctad.org www.unctad.org “free” access to and exchange of info by various media e.g., internet Audit body to monitor international trade and exchange

4. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Classical Conceptions: Aristotle “Man is by nature a political animal” “For the real difference between democracy and oligarchy is poverty and wealth. Wherever men rule by reason of their wealth, whether they be few or many, that is an oligarchy, and where the poor rule, that is a democracy.”

5. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Machiavelli Conception of the citizen-soldier “Security for man is impossible unless it be conjoined with power.” --Discourses

6. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Hobbes State of Nature: without government, our “natural” state is a state of war Social Contract Theory: When people mutually covenant each to the others to obey a common authority, they have established what Hobbes calls “sovereignty by institution”. -- Leviathan (1660) Locke State of Nature: our “natural” state is happy and characterized by reason and tolerance; government should guard natural justice. Inalienable Rights: all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness. --Second Treatise on Government (1690)

7. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Paine “Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one…” --Common Sense

8. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Kant Concept of the world citizen in “Perpetual Peace,” 1795 “Since the narrower or wider community of the peoples of the earth has developed so far that a violation of rights in one place is felt throughout the world, the idea of a law of world citizenship is no high-flown or exaggerated notion. It is a supplement to the unwritten code of the civil and international law, indispensable for the maintenance of the public human rights and hence also of perpetual peace.”

9. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship The Modern Citizen Citizenship as Rights-based versus Citizenship as Obligation- based

10. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Poster by The Committee to Defend the Panther 21 Power to the People, 1970 photographic silkscreen 102.9 x 74.9 cm (40 1/2 x 29 1/2 in.) National Museum of American History, Smithsonian InstitutionPower to the People, “Citizenship is “a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. All who possess the status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed.” – T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class (1950) (a seminal text in British sociology ) T. H. Marshall

11. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship T. H. Marshall The civil element is composed of the rights necessary for individual freedom---liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts and the right to justice. The last is of a different order than the others, because it is the right to defend and assert all one’s rights on terms of equality with others and by due process of law…By the political element I mean the right to participate in the exercise of political power, as a member of a body invested with the political authority or as an elector of the embers of such a body…By the social element I mean the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share the full social heritage and live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society.

12. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Short Theory Paper Due Date and Time: At the beginning of class (week 4), Wednesday, Feb. 10th Page Limit and Format: There is a page limit of 4-6 pages. Expectations for Writing a Good Essay 1. Have a problem, issue, or question to guide your reflections 2. Organize your essay. Have a thesis statement and argumentative structure. 3. Raise potential objections to your considerations 4. Write with clarity and concision. 5. Draw on themes or issues of citizenship, capital, poverty, or ethics (justice)

13. Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A:Citizenship Weeks 3 & 4 Yi Feng: Patterns and Disparities of Economic & Political Development