1. DRR and heritage activities in Jordan
Amman
Amman
Office
DRR and heritage activities in Jordan
Presentation by:
Dr. Anna Paolini
Director, UNESCO Amman Office, Jordan
Director ai, UNESCO Doha office for GCC and Yemen

2. Policies, recommendations
Declaration of Quebec (1996).
The Kobe/Tokyo Declaration on Risk Preparedness for Cultural Heritage (1997)
Radenci Declaration (1998);
Torino Declaration (2004)
Kyoto Declaration on the Protection of Cultural Properties, Historic Areas and their Settings from Loss in Disasters (2005);
Kobe recommendations (2005)
IDRC Davos Declaration (2006)
Delhi Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia (2007)
World Heritage Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (2007)
Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses to Climate Change on World Heritage properties (2008)
Kathmandu Recommendations (2009)
Beijing Appeal on WH, DRR and CC (2009)
Lima Declaration (2010)
ISDR Venice Declaration (2012)
An yet, heritage is a crucial asset for our wellbeing and we need to do our best to protect it, as already said by many of you.
It is of course necessary to protect heritage for its inherent, symbolic value to societies, as well as for its contribution to socio-economic development.
But heritage – and this is the point that I would like to make today - is also a major asset for the reduction of disaster risks, in many ways…This is because it reflects and embodies traditional knowledge that accumulated over thousands of years of mutual adaptation of humans with their environment. It is – in other words - disaster resilient by design and if well maintained, it can save lives and properties. This is particularly relevant to the issue of climate change and adaptive strategies to mitigate it.

3. Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/1
The key is advance planning and preparation;
Advance planning should include concern for the whole property, its buildings, structures, and their associated contents and landscapes;
Advance planning should integrate relevant heritage considerations within a property’s overall disaster prevention strategy;
Preparedness requirements should be met in heritage buildings by means which will have least impact on heritage values;
Heritage properties, their significant attributes and the disaster response history of the property should be clearly documented as a basis for appropriate disaster planning, response and recovery;
An yet, heritage is a crucial asset for our wellbeing and we need to do our best to protect it, as already said by many of you.
It is of course necessary to protect heritage for its inherent, symbolic value to societies, as well as for its contribution to socio-economic development.
But heritage – and this is the point that I would like to make today - is also a major asset for the reduction of disaster risks, in many ways…This is because it reflects and embodies traditional knowledge that accumulated over thousands of years of mutual adaptation of humans with their environment. It is – in other words - disaster resilient by design and if well maintained, it can save lives and properties. This is particularly relevant to the issue of climate change and adaptive strategies to mitigate it.

4. Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/2
Maintenance programmes for historic properties should integrate a cultural heritage-at-risk perspective;
Property occupants and users should be directly involved in development of emergency-response plans;
Securing heritage features should be a high priority during emergencies;
Following a disaster, every effort should be made to ensure the retention and repair of heritage structures or features that have suffered damage or loss;
Conservation principles should be integrated where appropriate in all phases of disaster planning, response and recovery.
An yet, heritage is a crucial asset for our wellbeing and we need to do our best to protect it, as already said by many of you.
It is of course necessary to protect heritage for its inherent, symbolic value to societies, as well as for its contribution to socio-economic development.
But heritage – and this is the point that I would like to make today - is also a major asset for the reduction of disaster risks, in many ways…This is because it reflects and embodies traditional knowledge that accumulated over thousands of years of mutual adaptation of humans with their environment. It is – in other words - disaster resilient by design and if well maintained, it can save lives and properties. This is particularly relevant to the issue of climate change and adaptive strategies to mitigate it.

5. Heritage contributes to DR reduction
Before and during a disaster
As a physical defense against hazards (tangible);
As a catalyzer of disaster resilient communities (intangible);
After a disaster
Providing shelter, goods and services;
As an economic asset for recovery;
Providing psychological support, strengthening identity, social cohesion;
Facilitating decision making/communication;
As an educational tool.
An yet, heritage is a crucial asset for our wellbeing and we need to do our best to protect it, as already said by many of you.
It is of course necessary to protect heritage for its inherent, symbolic value to societies, as well as for its contribution to socio-economic development.
But heritage – and this is the point that I would like to make today - is also a major asset for the reduction of disaster risks, in many ways…This is because it reflects and embodies traditional knowledge that accumulated over thousands of years of mutual adaptation of humans with their environment. It is – in other words - disaster resilient by design and if well maintained, it can save lives and properties. This is particularly relevant to the issue of climate change and adaptive strategies to mitigate it.

6. Petra Siq Stability project Sustainable Monitoring Techniques for Assessing Instability of Slopes in the Siq of Petra, Jordan (April 2012 – October 2014)
Project goals
Identify potential detectable unstable areas in the Siq by means of field engineering geological techniques
Establishment of long-term monitoring methods of the rock-block deformation (from remote to field)
Develop guidelines for sustainable landslide mitigation and management
Develop a GIS common platform for storing, analysis and management of data, as well as a 3D computerized model of the Siq and other selected structures, and an extensive and interactive virtual tour based on panorama photographs and lased scanned monuments
Build capacity of the DoA and PDTRA on the technicality of the project

7. PETRA SIQ STABILITY PROJECT
archaeological area
Wadi Musa
PETRA SIQ STABILITY PROJECT
The Siq is a 1.2km deep passage, with a E-W orientation and meandering course. The Siq connects the town area of Wadi Musa with the monumental area of Petra and constitutes the main path for tourists to access the archaeological area.

8. N
Sketch of the master joints and regional fault of the Siq area by aerial photo interpretation and field survey

9. Landslide types and slope evolution: recent and historical events
Expert meeting on hazard/disaster data: EU Flood information
Unstable block
~2cm

10. Rock falls/slides - magnitudes and examples
WHICH RISKS?
Rock falls/slides - magnitudes and examples
Typology of blocks and rock falls identified during Siq Rapid Assessment
Large blocks volumes
(volumes > 15m3)
Medium blocks volumes
(volumes 5m3÷15m3)
Small blocks volumes
(volumes < 5m3)

11. Integrated Monitoring System with low environmental impact
Satellite radar interferometry and permanent scatters
(resolution: mm)
Crack gauges, inclinometers
and meteorological station in Wi-Fi network
Refletctorless
total station
(resolution: mm to ½ cm)
Digital photogrammetry
(resolution: mm to cm)

12. Points 1/2

13. Siq un-textured Model
With regard to the laser scanning of the Siq... Due to the complexity of the rock formation the survey and scan of the Siq is possible only for the lower Siq sections / possibility to carry out inspection of upper Siq and open Siq by using helium balloon/ drone gate Wing X100...

14. Anna Paolini – UNESCO Amman Office
Petra Risk Mapping project February 2011 – June 2014 Partners: University of Leuven (Belgium) // In cooperation with: PDTRA, DoA // Jordanian experts
Anna Paolini – UNESCO Amman Office
UNCT meeting March 17, 2013

15. Petra Risk Mapping project
Results achieved
Field mapping of 1993 PAP governmental boundaries. Verification by a technical committee and transmission of Park coordinates to WHC for approval at the 2013 WH Committee.
Delineation of guidelines, scenarios and recommendations of use for a buffer zone of the PAP for the area between the villages of Um Sayhun and Beidha. Possibility of creating a buffer–zoning system and limited boundary adjustments identified as the best scenario.
Delineation of a Risk Management Methodology to identify and assess risks within the PAP and its application to a PAP pilot area. Holistic risk management methodology identified as the most appropriate strategy for mitigation of risks and protection of values of the property.
Publication of “Risk Management at Heritage sites. A Case Study of the Petra Archaeological Park” m.pdf

16. Assessing the Impact of Risk I Quantitative Approach
ABC system I qualitative analysis based on a scoring system I quality of results depend
on accuracy of numeriacal values
A: probability of damage B: degree of loss of significance C: the area affected
Based on ICCROM - CCI - CNI (Sibiu 2007)
Magnitude of risks.
Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material for course on preventive conservation: Reducing Risks to Collections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

17. Risk Evaluation
Matrix of priority based on level of risk magnitude and level of uncertainty.
Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material for course on preventive conservation: Reducing Risks to Collections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

18. Heritage as a tool for reconciliation
An yet, heritage is a crucial asset for our wellbeing and we need to do our best to protect it, as already said by many of you.
It is of course necessary to protect heritage for its inherent, symbolic value to societies, as well as for its contribution to socio-economic development.
But heritage – and this is the point that I would like to make today - is also a major asset for the reduction of disaster risks, in many ways…This is because it reflects and embodies traditional knowledge that accumulated over thousands of years of mutual adaptation of humans with their environment. It is – in other words - disaster resilient by design and if well maintained, it can save lives and properties.

19. Guidance and Tools
Let us go through some of the most recent disasters that affected Wh sites:
2011 Floods at Historic City of Ayutthaya, Thailand

20. Guidance Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums, ICOM (1993)
Risk Preparedness: a Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, WHC-ICCROM-ICOMOS (1998)
Building an Emergency Plan, Getty Conservation Institute (1999)
Handbook on the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Council of Europe (undated)
World Bank Good Practice Note on Risk Preparedness (2008)
Handbook for post-disaster housing and community reconstruction, World Bank (2009)
Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage, WHC, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN (2010)
Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict, ICCROM (2011)
It has five main lines of action, reflecting those of the HFA, and a number of sub-activities to be implemented.

21. Tools Risk Preparedness Training Module, UNESCO (2007)
Olympia Protocol for International Cooperation on DRR at World Heritage Properties (2008)
Disaster Risk management for Museums, UNESCO (2009)
Toolkit for damage assessment of cultural properties, ICORP-ICOMOS (2011) (under development)
Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Manual: Section on Culture, UNESCO (2011)
Training Kit on Disaster Risk Reduction for Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (under development)
Funding mechanisms within WH and other frameworks
It has five main lines of action, reflecting those of the HFA, and a number of sub-activities to be implemented.

22. Building capacities: Resource Manual on Managing Disaster Risks for WH
Another activity undertaken by UNESCO is the development of a Resource Manual on “Managing Disaster Risks for WH”.
This provides a general methodology, not directions on techniques to tackle specific hazards and related mitigation, which however could be added as annexes.
It is directed to site manager and administrators in the form of a check list of questions, to make them think, on the assumption that they will find the answer that best suits the local conditions…

23. WH and Climate Change
In addition to the Manual, we organized a number of training course in various regions of the world, in partnership with ICCROM and the network of UNESCO Chairs.

24. Field Projects: Haiti
Haiti is a special case. Here UNESCO is implementing a large programme whose basic assumption is that culture will be the real driver of the reconstruction process. It is a comprehensive approach integrating all aspects of culture, and covering policies, institutional capacity, tangible, intangible heritage and creative industries all together to support rehabilitation, economic recovery and provide psychological support, especially among young people.
Currently, a 1,5 Million USD project for the rehabilitation of the historic centre of Jacmel.

25. Awareness, Education and Communication
Education and communication is an area where there is a lot of potential.
In Indonesia, following the tsunami of 2005, UNESCO organised cultural and psychotherapeutic healing programmes addressed to traumatised children, focusing on their heritage. The programme was a great success.
WHC, in the meantime, produced a new episode of the “Patrimonito” saga, devoted to disaster risks: Patrimonito in Avila. This is accessible from: It describes, in a language accessible to children, the main stages of DRR…We might have a look at it, if time allows…it is only a few minutes.

26. A new webpage with info and resource materials
The World Heritage Centre has developed a web page on DRR with all of the above materials, plus a number of interesting links.
What we would like, in conclusion, is of course to continue to work with States to reinforce the preparedness of heritage sites.
But we also, and crucially, want to work more with global players such as ISDR and with national and local authorities such as the Municipalities, to ensure that a concern for heritage, notably World Heritage properties, is fully integrated within global, national and local disaster risk strategies and processes.

27. Amman DRR awareness project Introducing concepts on disaster risk management in schools
Results achieved
Two guidebooks produced – endorsed by the Ministry of Education- for students (1-4th grade/ 5-10th grade) on earthquakes, flood preparedness and safe behavior.
48 teachers trained on disaster risk reduction, use of new guidebook at their schools and on how to set up contingency plans.
Four Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in a cartoon format produced and launched. The PSAs explain in an easy and family friendly way how to be prepared for a natural disaster at home and at schools and what the basic evacuation procedures are. These cartoons were shown on Jordan TV.
Evacuation drills conducted at the selected schools by the Civil Defense team.
Disaster Risk Reduction bags for each of the piloted schools distributed by Jordan Red Crescent.