1. DOUBLE BARREL GREEN SYSTEM AN EQUIPMENT MEANS TO PRODUCE WARM MIX By Malcolm Swanson, P.E. Vice President – Engineering Astec, Inc.

2. – Conserving our resources – Reducing energy consumption – Reducing Greenhouse Emissions – Being more environmentally friendly – And building a better, long-lasting pavement SUSTAINABILITY

3. GLOBAL WARMING

5. WARM MIX TECHNOLOGIES ADDITIVES Aspha-Min WAM Evotherm Sasobit EQUIPMENT Double Barrel Green

6. The ASTEC Double Barrel Green System Is An Equipment Package That Enables The Making Of Warm Mix By Adding Only Water to the Liquid Asphalt.

7. Outline Background and Benefits of Warm Mix Equipment Explanation Case Studies Experience to Date

8. Background Mix temperatures 50-100F (28 – 44 C) cooler than conventional mix methods Achieved by lowering the viscosity of the AC binder Methods: additives, additives with water, foaming with water only, etc. Foaming first introduced in the 1950’s High fuel cost and pressure to reduce emissions make Warm Mix more attractive.

9. Improves mix workability Reduces emissions  Eliminates blue smoke and odor  Less total emissions Improves Comfort & safety of workers Improves Pavements Extends resources via more recycle Less fuel Increases Plant Capacity Benefits of Warm Mix

10. Improves Workability

13. Reduces Emissions

14. CONVENTIONAL HOT MIX WARM MIX

15. Light oils are either put in asphalt or left in asphalt during refining These light oils boil above 285 o F (140 C) By mixing at below 285 o F (140 C), the boiling point is never reached… eliminating smoke (vapor) and corresponding smell No Smoke – No Smell…Why?

16. Producing mix at lower temperatures requires less fuel burning. The increased ability to use RAP decreases emissions associated with production of virgin materials. Reduces total emissions…Why?

17. Improved Comfort and Safety of Workers

18. No Smoke At Paver No Extreme Temperatures

19. Improves Pavements

20. Less oxidation of mix More uniformity of compaction With fractionating RAP…better control of gradation Why will we have a Longer Life Pavement?

21. Extends Resources by Recycling More

22. Two deterrents to running recycle above 20% have been:  High Stack Temperature  Need for a softer virgin liquid to ensure compaction because of the stiffer liquid in the RAP High Percentage Recycle Mix with Standard Grade of Asphalt

23. To achieve compaction (density)…run 275 o F and foam virgin liquid By using a standard liquid 64-22, you produce a much softer product than with virgin mix because:  Lower temperature results in less oxidation  Light oil remains in liquid  Steam produced from drying the RAP creates an inert atmosphere Make High Percentage Recycle Mix with Standard Grade of Asphalt

24. Uses Less fuel

25. Making Mix at 50 – 100 F Lower Temperatures than Traditional HMA Requires 11% to 25% Less Fuel (Depends on Mix Type and Other Conditions.) Uses Less Fuel

26. Increases Plant Production Capacity

27. Lower Exhaust Gas Temperatures and Less Fuel Burned Take Load Off of the Exhaust System. Increases Plant Production Capacity

28. ASTEC Double Barrel Green System Equipment Explanation

29. DOUBLE BARREL GREEN

30. Injected At The Rate Of 2% Of The Liquid Asphalt By Weight Small Faction Of The Injected Water Becomes Trapped As Steam Bubbles In The Liquid Asphalt The Effect On The Mix Is To Extend The Workable Temperature Downward to about 212 F (100 C). The Double Barrel Green System Injects Water Into Liquid Asphalt.

31. WATER IS INJECTED INTO THE AC INSIDE THE FOAM NOZZLE.

32. Steam Bubbles Produce Foamed AC.

33. mm mm FOAM EXPANDS THE LIQUID ASPHALT AND INCREASES FILM THICKNESS ?

34. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF: WATER TANK AND CONTROL SKID…..

35. FOAM UNIT MOUNTED ON DOUBLE BARREL ….

36. CONTROL SYSTEM

37. Nozzle Manifold AC Water Hot Oil In Hot Oil Out Water Solenoid Valve Water Manifold Junction Box AC Valve (one of nine)

38. HOT OIL WATER LIQUID AC FOAMED AC

39. How much water ?

40. How Much Water? 2% of liquid AC by weight 2 LBS. of Water for 1 Ton of Mix

41. Case Studies Done by National Center for Asphalt Technology Created in 1986 NAPA (National Asphalt Pavement Association) Auburn University (Alabama) Created to improve pavements Test Track 17,500 sq. ft.(1626 sq.m) laboratory

42. Andrea Kvasnak, PhD BS from University of Florida 1999 MS from University of Vermont 2002 PhD from Iowa State University 2006 Contact : ank0004@auburn.edu www.ncat.us

43. Case Study 1 Completed April 18, 2007 Three foam mixes ( 2% H2O to AC ): 1. Base, 30% RAP 2. Surface Coarse, virgin aggregate 3. Surface Coarse, 30% RAP Two locations at Astec HQ Samples taken and tested by National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT)

44. Case Study 2 Completed June 21, 2007 50% RAP and PG 64-22 binder 3400 ton job Location: North Terrace Rd, Chattanooga, Tennessee Samples taken and tested by National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT)

45. Summary Conclusions of Cases 1 and 2 1. Coating and mixing of the warm mixes were equivalent to that expected for conventional hot mixes. 2.Workability of the warm mix at 250 F (121 C) to 270 F (132 C) was similar to that of hot mix at temperatures above 300 F (150 C). cont’d

46. Summary (cont’d) 3. There was no smoke. 4. There was evidence that the warm mix was susceptible to stripping. This has been a characteristic of warm mix in general. One reason could be that the binder is not aged during mixing. Potential solutions include using a harder AC or an anti-strip agent.

47. Southeastern Materials / City of Chattanooga, 3400 tons 50% RAP Columbia Bit. (Vancouver), 100tons Virgin. S.T. Wooten (Sims), 400tons, 20% and 40% S.T. Wooten (Sims), 400tons, 40% LoJac (Nashville), 1200tons, Virgin Shelly Materials (Columbus), 1200tons, 25% Boggs Materials (Rock Hill), 1200tons, 50% Columbia Bit. (Vancouver), 1500tons, 50% LoJac (Nashville), 500tons, 40% High profile demonstrations:

48. Approximately 50 tons of mix made at 300 tph with 20% RAP at 138 C. Stored for 24 hours and checked – all normal  Few tons of mix sold to a private customer.  No problems. Mix behaved normally. Stored for another 24 hours (48 total) and emptied– all normal. 7-26-07 to 7-28-07 Storage Test

49. Questions ?