2. The Last Word: No homework FrontPage: Have your RQs on your desk. Hitachi has announced a new way of locking up ones and zeros in quartz glass for hundreds of millions of years. The data can be etched with a laser in three layers on the crystals at a density slightly higher than a CD, then read out with an optical microscope. The technology could come to market in three years, according to the research. Hitachi said the media withstood two hours of 3500 degree Fahrenheit temperatures in testing without data loss.

3. Political Parties The only “party” you need to be concerned about right now…

4. Political Parties What definitions could you find? – “Election-oriented”– definition that describes American parties A group that seeks to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office – Principle-oriented” - Global or universal definition A group joined by common principles that seek to control government in order to determine and affect its policies

5. Party Systems – Are there legitimate opposition parties to the one in power? How many? – Are there elections? – Which nations use this type of system? – What are the pros and cons of each? To determine the similarities and differences between the various types of party systems used in each nation of the world, we can look at each country and ask/answer a few questions:

6. Example of Multiparty System: Name of Party Hadash Kadima Labor Likud Meretz Yisrael Beitenu National Union Shas Torah and Shabbat Judaism United Arab List Israel - Knesset Results: 2009 # of Seats (120) 4 28 13 27 3 15 4 11 5 4

7. FrontPage: What attributes might we associate with these animals? The Last Word: 3 rd Parties RQs due Monday

8. The United States: A Two party system Let’s take a closer look at the two party system in the US…

9. Why the US has a two-party system The Constitution makes no mention of parties…so its not a rule. History: – Originally, 2 parties developed around the Federalist/Anti-Federalist ideas – hird parties seem to simply “steal” votes from one party or the other; never really established as viable options (Republicans were the exception; replaced Whig party) Election laws: – States create election laws, including winner-take-all (SMPD) elections rather than proportional representation, that discourage the development of minor parties – Restrictive ballot laws make it far more difficult for a non-major party candidate to get on the ballot – Only two major parties are eligible for matching funds from the gov. Stability of two – More stable than multiparty system; one party always has the majority and can govern without needing to form coalitions Informal support – Media, voter loyalty, ability to raise money, public perception

10. What Parties Do in the US Recruit candidates – the primary function; – The goal of parties is to run candidates and control government by winning elections Operate the Government – When winning the White House, or Congress, they then must “govern” by passing laws and carrying them out Loyal Opposition – Question party in power, present alternative ideas – In between “Iraq and a hard place” - - why?

11. The History of the Democratic Donkey The person credited with popularizing these two animals as political symbols is the German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast, whose drawings also helped create modern images of Uncle Sam and Santa Claus. Nast joined the staff of Harper's Weekly in 1862 and by the time he left in 1886, he had indelibly stamped the elephant and donkey as political party symbols in the minds of Americans everywhere. Nast was not the first to tie the Dems to this particular beast of burden. Previously, in 1828 when Jackson ran for president, his opponents tried to label him a "jackass" for his populist views and his slogan, "Let the people rule." Jackson turned it to his advantage by using the donkey on his campaign posters. Interestingly, the first use of a donkey in a political cartoon came in 1837, three years before Nast was born. The cartoon showed former President Andrew Jackson stubbornly attempting to direct the Democratic Party even after leaving office. from the San Francisco Chronicle – www.sfgate.com

12. Nast Cartoon w/Dem Donkey

13. The History of the Republican Elephant Although the elephant had already been connected with the Republican party as early as 1864 (in a piece of Lincoln campaign literature), it was Nast's cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly a decade later titled "The Third Term Panic" that made the animal stick as the Republican's symbol. It showed a donkey disguised in a lion's skin chasing away frightened animals. An elephant bearing the title of "Republican Vote" bounded clumsily towards a tar pit of "Inflation" and "Chaos." The elephant represented the confused behemoth that Nast felt many Republican voters and publications had become. from the San Francisco Chronicle – www.sfgate.com

17. Homework: Interest Groups research questions due tomorrow FrontPage: Turn in ID WebQuest. Place your initials where you ended up on the Political Compass test. Do third parties have an impact on American elections? Explain.

18. Third Parties

19. The Impact of Third Parties on Elections