2. Unit 3: Outbreak of WWI February 15, 2013 THIS DAY IN HISTORY

3. ■ 1. Which of the following happened in 1898? ■ a) George Washington gave his Farewell Address ■ b) Teddy Roosevelt fought in the Spanish American War. ■ c) James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine. ■ d) Seward purchased the terrirory of Alaska. 1796 1823 1867

4. ■ Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900’s? A. The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American affairs. B. The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations. C. Latin American nations should form an organization to help them achieve political and economic stability. D. The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the poor of Latin America.

5. ■ One important conclusion that can be drawn as a result of the United States experience in both the Spanish-American War (1898) and the Persian Gulf War (1991) is that A. only the President should decide issues of war and peace B. the media are a powerful influence in shaping American public opinion toward war C. the public has little confidence in the ability of the American military D. international organizations play a decisive role in determining the outcome of a war During the Gulf War, favorable coverage of the war by the American press, coupled with the lack of actual “on the ground” combat helped to shape public perception and support of the war effort.

6. ■ Why did the United States formulate the Open Door policy toward China? A. to develop democratic institutions and practices in China B. to support Japanese efforts to industrialize China C. to establish a military presence on the Chinese mainland D. to prevent a European and Japanese monopoly of Chinese trade and markets The “Open Door Policy” was a declaration by the United States that called for equal, unrestricted trade with China by all nations.

7. ■ Involvement in the Spanish-American War, acquisition of Hawaii, and introduction of the Open Door policy in China were actions taken by the United States Government to A. gain overseas markets and sources of raw materials B. establish military alliances with other nations C. begin the policy of manifest destiny D. support isolationist forces in Congress The territories acquired in the Spanish-American war (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines) as well as the annexation of Hawaii served as sources of raw materials as well as markets for finished goods. At the same time, the United States was just beginning to expand her reach and trade into the orient.

8. ■ The principle that the United States has the right to act as the "policeman of the Western Hemisphere" and intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations was established by the A. Good Neighbor policy B. Open Door policy C. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine D. Marshall Plan

9. ■Essential Question: –What caused World War I? –Why was the U.S. unable to remain neutral in this conflict? ■Warm-Up Question ■Warm-Up Question: –How did the Spanish-American War impact the United States? –How did Theodore Roosevelt “build” the Panama Canal?

10. The Outbreak of World War I ■The outbreak of WWI in 1914 was a test for America’s new foreign policy –The USA was an imperial power after the Spanish-American War –The U.S. built the Panama Canal, used the Roosevelt Corollary to control Latin America, & created the Open Door Policy in China –But, the USA maintained a policy of neutrality in European affairs

11. MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM What caused World War I?

12. By the 20 th century, European powers began to glorify war as a means to accomplish their goals Britain, France, Germany developed modern armies & navies, leading to an arms race in Europe Militarism

13. Germany, Austria- Hungary, & Italy made up the Triple Alliance England, France, & Russia made up the Triple Entente Alliances & Imperialism Increasing militarism led nations to form powerful alliances in case of war As European nations gained imperial colonies, competition led to rivalries

14. Pre-War Alliance Network

15. Nationalism Feelings of nationalism led strong countries to want to gain more power & led many weaker nations to want to re-define their boundaries Nationalism was strong in the Balkans, where Serbia hoped to unite with Austrian Slavs In 1914, Serbian terrorists assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

16. The assassination sparked World War I The Western Front The Eastern Front The Allied Powers The Central Powers

17. ?? The Great War quickly became the first “world war”

18. American Neutrality ■When World War I began in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared U.S. neutrality But by 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power… WHY?

19. Group Activity: Why the USA entered WWI ■ In teams, determine why the USA entered World War I in 1917: – Examine the documents provided & complete the chart in your notes – After examining all documents, try to group the documents into categories – When finished, create a one sentence thesis that explains why the USA entered WWI…be prepared to discuss

20. America Enters the War ■By 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power because: –German unrestricted submarine warfare violated U.S. free trade –Germany’s Zimmerman Telegram offered to return the Mexican Cession if Mexico invaded the USA –President Wilson hoped to stop the Central Powers & make the world “safe for democracy” ■The USA declared war in April 1917 Americans were killed when the Lusitania, Sussex, & Arabic sank

21. Here are the documents for the class activity

22. Document A

23. Document B Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico, 1917

24. Document C U.S. War Loans 1914—1917: To the Allied Powers: $2.25 billion To the Central Powers: $27 million

25. Document D U.S. Losses to German Submarine Warfare, 1916-1918

26. Document E The German officer knocked at the door… The officer ordered the soldiers to break down the door, which two of them did. The peasant came and asked what they were doing. His hands were tied behind his back, and he was shot at once without a moment’s delay. The wife came out with a little sucking child. One of the Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the butt on the head. Another took his bayonet and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its little arms stretched out once or twice. The officers ordered the house to be set on fire…The man, his wife and child were thrown on top. (James Bryce, head of the Committee on Alleged German Atrocities as reported to British Parliament, 1915)

27. Document F We shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts,—for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free…The world must be made safe for democracy. (President Wilson's war message, April, 1917)

28. Document G

29. Document H To whom does war bring prosperity? Not to the soldier who for the compensation of $16 per month shoulders his musket and goes into the trench, there to shed his blood and to die if necessary; not to the mother who weeps at the death of her brave boy; not to the little children who shiver with cold; nor the millions of mothers and daughters who carry broken hearts to their graves. War brings prosperity to the stock gambler on Wall Street – to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be enjoyed…Their object in having war and in preparing for war is to make money. The enormous profits of munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers must be still further increased by our entrance into the war. (Senator George Norris, in response to the U.S. declaration of war, April 1917)