1. Christian Gotenfels

2. Contents
Chapter Page
The role of preparative HPLC in the pharmaceutical industry 3
Agilent’s portfolio
Hardware
Software
Techniques
Agilent’s patented delay sensor _ _____________________________ 18
Delay calibration – how does it work? ____________ 19
Mass-based fraction collection
Recovery strategies ___________________________________ 21
Advantages
Agilent’s CAN network
Agilent’s integrated safety concept
Summary

3. Preparative HPLC in the pharmaceutical industry
Challenges
Preparative HPLC in the pharmaceutical industry
Challenges for the pharmaceutical industry:
Pharmaceutical companies are striving to develop faster and more efficient ways to generate new drug candidates against the increasing number of biological targets. In order to achieve this goal improvements are required in the following areas:
High throughput synthesis
High throughput purification
High throughput screening
Both the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have the challenge of developing newer faster and more efficient ways to synthesize and screen pharmaceutical compounds to generate drug candidates against the steadily increasing number of biological targets
The emergence of combinatorial chemistry has contributed to advances in high throughput synthesis.
The implementation of automation/robotics in the laboratory and assay miniaturization have been the main contributors to advances in high throughput screening.
In order to avoid any bottleneck in the workflow Prep HPLC is the technique of choice.
Although at first glance it it may appear to be the most expensive technique, but Prep HPLC is the only automated method which is fast enough and at the same time provides the necessary purity and recovery.
Of course there are other working areas like natural products or drug metabolisms , where Preparative HPLC is the isolation and purification technique of choice.
Preparative HPLC …for purification is fast enough to keep pace in drug discovery process

4. Agilent’s approach - dedicated systems
Designed for various sample quantities, optimized for the high recovery and purity
Analytical scale (AS)
For flow rates < 5 (10) mL/min
Agilent 1200 Series purification system (AS)
Preparative scale (PS)
Rather than taking a “one size fits all” approach Agilent Technologies has developed dedicated systems for different sample quantities. This results in an optimized purification system for the high purity and recovery.
The modularity of the system provides the flexibility needed to configure the system according to your needs. (repeated next slide)
For flow rates < 100 mL/min
Agilent 1200 Series purification system (PS)

5. Agilent 1200 Series purification systems
General system hardware features:
Modular approach for maximum flexibility
Compact, stackable design (typical bench space for MS-based fraction collection only 2 m)
Early Maintenance Feedback (EMF), a time-saving maintenance tool alerts when maintenance is due
Analytical and preparative columns with different selectivities for specific purification tasks
Integrated safety concept for walk away confidence

6. Agilent 1200 Series purification system (AS)
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series purification system (AS)
Pumps
- Isocratic - Binary - Quaternary
Purification systems (AS) designed for:
Injectors
- Standard - Well-plate - Preparative - Thermostatting - Manual
Purification of sample amounts up to the low mg range
for flow rates below 5 (10) mL/min
Minimum delay volumes for high separation performance resulting in high recovery and purity
Column holder
- Thermostatted compartment - Column organizer - Valves, columns and supplies
Detectors
VWD - MWD - DAD - MS - UIB for third party detectors
This slide shows the product portfolio for an analytical scale purification system. The modular approach of the 1100 Series Purification system allows to configure a system according to the customer needs.
For further information please check the following literature EN.
Fraction collectors
Fraction collector (AS)

7. Agilent 1200 Series purification system (PS)
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series purification system (PS)
Pumps
- Preparative - Gradient - Extension
Injectors
- Preparative - Thermostatting - Manual
Purification systems (PS) designed for:
Column holder
Purification for sample amounts < 1 g
Flow rates up to 100 mL/min
- Column organizer - Valves - Columns and supplies
Detectors
MWD - DAD - MS - UIB for third party detectors
This slide shows the product portfolio for preparative scale purification system. Again, the modular approach of the 1100 Series Purification system allows to configure a system according to the customer needs.
For further information please check the following literature EN.
Fraction collectors
- Fraction collector (PS)

8. Agilent 1200 Series preparative pump
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series preparative pump
Preparative pumps deliver:
Flow rates up to 100 mL/min at 400 bar without changing pump heads
Precise high pressure binary gradient formation with low delay volume (700 µl) for preparative and analytical applications down to 0.5 mL/min
Automated seal wash using a peristaltic pump for extended seal lifetime
Pressure under and over sensing turns off the pump if the column gets blocked or leakages occurs
Automated electro-magnetic purge valve
The Agilent 1100 Series preparative pump is an isocratic high performance pump with two parallel pistons. It can be used for flow rates upto 100 mL/min at 400 bar without the need to change pump heads. For gradient runs two pumps are combined to provide excellent and precise gradient formation, perfect for scale-up work, for typical preparative applications and for purity checks. Extremely low internal volumes in pump heads, valves and capillary connections allow fast gradients over a wide flow range. The design of the preparative pump with high pressure mixing and small internal delay volume allows to achieve excellent performance even at analyical flow rates. The pump has an automated seal wash using a peristaltic pump for extended seal lifetime.
Pressure under and over sensing turns off the pump if the column gets blocked or leakages occurs. The feature is also useful for column which can only be used to specified pressure value.
An automated electro-magnetic purge valve makes solvent changes possible within a study. The dual piston design of the isocratic pump leads to low noise and ripple and excellent flow stability. This is especially important for time-based fraction collection.
For further information please check the application note EN.

9. Agilent 1200 Series dual loop autosampler PS
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series dual loop autosampler PS
Dual loop autosampler PS delivers:
Injection from a variety of sample containers
Dual fixed loop concept
High draw speed for fast injection of high sample volumes
Needle wash mechanism for lowest carry over
The new dual loop autosampler combines flexibility and fast injection of large injection volumes on a very compact Agilent 1100 Series LC footprint that is unique to any other autoinjector on the market. The autosampler utilizes a ‘fixed loop concept’ with two loops pre-installed (50 ml and 5 ml, others available), which provides flexibility in injection volumes, ranging from analytical to preparative scale. In addition the new dual loop autosampler offers:
Broad range of sample containers (well-plate and vials) based on well-plate format
A multi-draw function for sample volumes above 5 ml
Fast injection of large volumes (up to 50 ml/min) for increased throughput – system pressure up to 400 bars
A thermostatted version to prevent degradation of thermo-labile samples
Needle wash mechanism for lowest carry over

10. Agilent 1200 Series fraction collectors
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series fraction collectors
Fraction collectors:
Preparative scale (PS) < 100 mL/min
1200 Series fraction collector Preparative Scale (PS)
1200 Series fraction collector Analytical Scale (AS)
1200 Series micro fraction collector
Analytical scale (AS) < 10 mL/min
Agilent offers dedicated fraction collectors for different flow rates. This supports our principle of “dedicated systems” to get high recovery and purity.
1100 Series fraction collector Preparative Scale (PS)
1100 Series fraction collector Analytical Scale (AS)
1100 Series micro fraction collector
All fraction collectors can be combined with the thermostat (G1330B) for thermally labile compounds.
In the next slide we explain why we have dedicated systems for different sample amounts and flow rates.
Micro scale < 100 µL/min

11. Capillary inner diameter
Techniques
The reason for 3 dedicated fraction collectors - Influence of peak dispersion
Dispersion:
Derived from Aris, Taylor and Golay equation
Dispersion (peak broadening) between detector and fraction collector results in poor recovery and purity.
The selection of the appropriate flow inner diameter in the collectors delivers the best recovery and purity.
Volumetric peak variance
F: Flow rate
Dm: Molecular diffusion coefficient
L: Capillary length
An often-overlooked phenomenon in preparative HPLC that impacts the purity and recovery is dispersion. Dispersion equates with peak broadening and therefore impairs chromatographic resolution tremendously. According to the Aris-Taylor equation, band broadening is directly proportional to flow rate and tubing length, but proportional to the fourth power of the tubing inner diameter. This effect is impressively shown in figure. Consequently, connecting the detector with the fraction collector by tubing with an inappropriate i.d. will lead to bad purification results, such as a poor recovery or even a remixing of compounds. Therefore, a non-specific fraction collector designed for a broad flow range might give acceptable results at high flow rates, but will sacrifice progressively recovery and purity when approaching low flow rates.
Agilent therefore offers fraction collectors especially tuned for various purification scales. Each fraction collector type has been manufactured to provide optimal performance at dedicated flow rate ranges and column i.d. for highest compound purity and recovery. Additionally, it should be considered that each flow disturbance contributes to additional dispersion and therefore deteriorates chromatographic resolution.
A key part of every fraction collector and disturbance source is the diverter valve. The task of the diverter valve is to switch the flow from the column either to the waste or to the fraction collector needle tip. The Agilent diverter valve practically has no influence on the peak shape due to its innovative design
Therefore it is important to always use capillaries with an inner diameter according to the flow rates required for the application. An inappropriate inner diameter leads either to high back pressure if the capillary is too narrow or to poor fraction collection performance if it is too wide.
To minimize dispersion and maximize recovery it is important to keep the capillary connections between the detector and the fraction collector as short as possible.
If delay volume must be added for any reason it is important to use capillaries with appropriate inner diameter because wide capillaries lead to band broadening and therefore to lower recovery and purity.
Therefore we offer three different fraction collector, which are optimized for sample amount and flow rates to give you highest recovery and purity.
For further information please check the following application notes EN and EN.
Click here to see animation
Capillary inner diameter

12. Agilent 1200 Series fraction collectors - Accessories
Hardware
Agilent 1200 Series fraction collectors
- Accessories
Well plate tray
Fraction collector accessories:
Well plates (96 and 384)
Vials and Eppendorf tubes
Small or large tubes (up to 45 ml)
Customized racks
Funnel trays for collection of large fraction volumes
Fraction collection can be increased by using 3 fraction collectors in parallel
Small vials tray
Tubes trays
Customized rack
Agilent offers accessories for a wide range of application areas:
Trays for:
Well plates (96 and 384)
Vials (2ml and 6 ml) or eppendorf tubes (0.5 ml, 1.5 ml, 2 ml)
different tubes (starting from 12 mm, 16 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm ID tubes (up to 45 ml))
It is also possible to customized racks on well plate footprint
the 10 and 40 Funnel trays allows the collection of unlimited fraction volumes
If the capacity of one fraction collector is not enough it can be extend up to 3 by using a valve
Multi-funnel trays

13. Agilent’s purification software solutions
Standard solution
Standard functionality for easy system usage 21 CFR Part 11 compliance with Security Pack Agilent ChemStation
Software
Advanced solution Easy management of high samples numbers. Flexible for workflow integration
Agilent Purification Software
Walk-up solution System management for secure access,
Ideal for non-expert users Agilent Easy Access Software
Agilent’s “tailor-made” design concept, which allows you to configure your system to meet your needs, not only applies to the hardware platform of the Agilent 1100 Series purification system, but also to the software. You have a choice of three software solutions.
Remote data browsing and purity reports at your desk
Agilent Data Browser
Dedicated software to match your purification needs

14. Standard solution – Agilent ChemStation Agilent ChemStation delivers:
Software
Standard solution
– Agilent ChemStation
Agilent ChemStation delivers:
Full system control via graphical user interface
Standard purification functionality for easy system usage
Sophisticated trigger options
Fraction preview helps to identify the right trigger parameter
Fraction task provides straightforward purification data review
ChemStation Security Pack supports 21 CFR Part 11 compliance
The ChemStation revision A is the standard software solution for purification (peak and mass triggered). It provides standard purification functionality for simple system usage. The ChemStation graphical user interface offers full system control for quick and easy system set-up. Sophisticated Trigger options allow you to collect exactly the fractions you want. Starting from simple time-based fraction collection, you have the choice of different trigger parameters such as up/down slope, upper threshold or threshold only. In addition, you can use and/or logic for different signals. The fraction task provides the user with a straightforward means of reviewing data and reporting. A fraction simulator, called fraction preview, helps the user to find the right trigger parameter. In combination with the ChemStation Security Pack, this purification solution supports 21 CFR Part 11 compliance.

15. – Agilent purification software
Advanced solution
– Agilent purification software
Additional to the standard software solution:
Color coded graphical user interface for easy sample setup and sample/fraction tracking
Sophisticated export/import functionality integrates the system into the workflow
Extended reporting capabilities
Navigation panel for fast data review
The high throughput/purification software module is designed to meet the needs of advanced preparative HPLC. This solution has all the features of the ChemStation-based, standard purification solution and, in addition, it is designed for the management of large numbers of samples. The graphical user interface provides an easy method of sample and fraction tracking which results in efficient data review. Sophisticated import and export functionality allows the smooth integration of the system into the purification workflow. The mass-based fraction collection software add-on (G2263AA) provides the functionality to selectively trigger fractions on as many as 16 masses.

16. – Agilent Easy Access software
Walk-up solution
– Agilent Easy Access software
Agilent Easy Access software delivers:
Flexible administrator tools to set up user access, queue tracking and project management
Simple sample submission and status checking
notification of results
Rapid confirmation of molecular weight and target ion presence
The Easy Access software (G2725AA) is the walk-up solution for LC/UV and LC/MSD systems. It makes confirmation and purification of synthesis samples quick and easy. It has been specially designed for non-expert users who need efficient ways of getting results but do not have broad instrument and software knowledge
Submitters simply walk up to the system – between or even during the runs – log in and enter a few simple pieces of information. The software displays the expected time to completion. The submitter can wait for the results or return to the office and be notified by when the run has been completed. The software displays position information for current and completed fractions. A click on the display shows sample information. Fraction information can even be accessed during a run. Complex tasks are concealed from the general user and reserved for a system administrator. Administrator capabilities include:
Set-up and determination of levels of access for individual users and user groups
Configuration of the system
Establishment of directory and file naming schemes
Set-up of methods and fraction collection schemes
Management of the sample queue.

17. Data browsing and purity reports – Agilent data browser
Software
Data browsing and purity reports
– Agilent data browser
Agilent data browser delivers:
Allows fast and efficient remote data review
Data file tree structure for easy navigation
Display of sample purity
The ChemStation data browser allows chemists to review data from their office by means of a server and local area network (LAN) or . Although designed for drug discovery, the ChemStation Data Browser is suitable for any laboratory which needs to review the data files generated on any ChemStation data system for LC or LC/MS.
The ChemStation data browser helps the chemists review large numbers of samples and answers some basic questions as quickly as possible. Did I make the expected compound?
Are the peaks pure or are there coeluting peaks?
What is the approximate purity level?
How do different samples compare? The key features of the data browser include a main navigation screen showing the file location tree, a sample or plate view indicating the presence of the target mass, a fraction information table with fraction locations, a chromatographic peak table and UV/MS chromatograms and spectra. The peak table includes information on peak purity which helps answer the question: "does this peak have co-eluting components?". In addition, the browser has a very flexible reporting functionality that can be customized to suit individual user requirements .

18. Agilent’s patented delay sensor
Techniques
Agilent’s patented delay sensor
– automated calculation of the delay time
Fraction delay sensor:
Comparable to a simple detector in the fraction collector
The delay time is referred to as the time it takes for an analyte molecule to migrate from the detector cell to the fraction collector. In order to trigger start and stop of fraction collection precisely the delay time has to be determined. Later on, this delay time can easily be converted to the flow rate independent delay volume.
Traditional delay calibration procedures
The traditional delay calibration procedure is a tedious and error-prone process. One possibility to determine delay time is to inject a concentrated dye on the system and to monitor the detector signal in the online display of the control software. As soon as the peak can be seen in the online display a timer is started and stopped again when the dye can be seen coming out of the fraction collection needle. This delay time, which is the sum of the delay times tD1 and tD2, is then entered into the software. If the software does not allow the input of a delay volume, the calibration procedure must be repeated for any flow rate.
A more accurate but time-consuming procedure is to start with an estimated or calculated delay volume or delay time. A sample with known sample amount is injected and a fraction containing the compound is collected. The amount of compound in the fraction is determined, for example by analytical HPLC, and then the delay volume is altered. The experiment is repeated and the recovery is compared to the first result. This procedure is repeated until the delay time or delay volume that leads to a maximum recovery is found.
The fraction delay sensor
Measuring the delay time in such a manner is not only laborious but also imprecise. Therefore, Agilent 1100 Series purification systems comprise an innovative delay volume calibration functionality. This patented feature performs the measurement of the delay volume, fully automatically and precisely With the Agilent purification system delay calibration is done using the fraction delay sensor, which is a simple, small detector built into the fraction collector.

19. Delay calibration – how does it work? Click here to see animation
Techniques
Delay calibration
– how does it work?
Delay calibration:
The time between peak detection and fraction collection is called ‘delay time’. This parameter must be known for correct fraction collection. The Agilent fraction delay sensor provides an automated and precise way to measure this time.
Whenever the main flow, or the make-up flow, is changed the system must be re-calibrated
The fraction delay sensor turns delay calibration into a simple, automated task
The principle of the delay volume calibration is illustrated in the figure.
In addition to the UV detector, a second detector, the so-called delay sensor, is integrated into the fraction collector. Whenever a delay calibrant is injected into the flow path both detectors record a signal. The time-delay between the two signals (minus the migration time between diverter valve and fraction delay sensor that is calculated internally) is the delay time. Depending on the flow rate used for the calibration procedure the exact delay volume is automatically calculated by the system and stored in the fraction collector memory. The precise delay time can now be calculated by the system for every flow rate. Recalibration is not necessary.
For further information please check the following application note EN.
Click here to see animation

20. – mass based fraction collection
Techniques
Active splitting
– mass based fraction collection
Active splitting provides:
A broad range of variable split ratios
for optimizing applications, from
25:1 to 100,000:1
The constant, accurate split ratios are unaffected by viscosity, temperature and tubing length
Minimal post-column delay volumes minimizes dispersion and delay times
Split ratios does not influence fraction delay times. This eliminates the need to recalibrate the system
Only the compound with the desired mass is selectively collected when doing mass-based fraction collection. Therefore the number of collected fractions is much lower than in peak-based fraction collection, many times it is only one fraction per sample. For successful mass-based fraction collection two requirements must be met: The molecular mass of the compound of interest must be known and the compound must ionize to make it detectable by the MSD. The sample specific target mass must be entered into the software for a successful mass-based purification run.
Given that the MSD is a destructive detector the flow coming from the column must be split into the main flow going to the fraction collector and into the split flow going to the MSD for fraction triggering. This is achieved using a device called the flow splitter.
Since the MSD triggers the switching of the diverter valve in the fraction collector, the portion of the compound in the split flow must arrive at the MSD earlier than the portion in the main flow at the fraction collector. This time difference between the MSD and the fraction collector is the fraction delay time. Since the flow is usually split by a factor of 1000 – the flow going towards the MSD must be sped up using a make-up pump (figure). Further factors for using a make-up pump are:
Increase and stabilize flow for better nebulization
Dilute sample to good range for MS (< 500 ng/s)
Provide optimum ionization conditions for MS, for example add acid to make-up flow
The traditional flow splitter is a passive splitter achieving the split using restrictive tubing.
Important splitter considerations for a passive flow splitter are:
Can only be used over a limited flow rate range
External tubing must match to get desired split
May have significant internal delay volumes
Has a fixed split ratio
Does not keep a fixed split over a gradient due to changing solvent viscosity
Creates a rather high back-pressure that could damage the flow cell of the UV detector
  A different approach is the active splitter. It has two completely separated flow paths and a rapid switching valve that transfers the compound from the main flow into the make-up flow. The operating principle is shown in figure.
The biggest advantage of the active splitter is the possibility to select different split ratios by changing the switching frequency of the valve. Other aspects of the active splitter are:
Constant, accurate split ratios unaffected by viscosity, temperature, and tubing length
Minimal post-column volumes, minimizes dispersion
Fraction delay time independent of split ratio
Two independent flow paths allow the usage of different modifiers in the main and make up flow, for example trifluoracetic acid for good chromatography in the main flow and formic acid to avoid ion suppression in the make-up flow
Rotor seals must be exchanged after about 1.5 million movements, approximately every 4 – 6 months
Minimal back-pressure, no danger to damage the UV detector cell
For further information please check the following application note EN.
Click here to see animation

21. Recovery strategies Click here to see animation
Techniques
Recovery strategies
Peak Peak
Waste Waste
Agilent offers three strategies to ensure
recovery of valuable compounds:
Recovery valve for up to 12 recovery locations
Third party fraction collectors can be controlled by an external contact board
Agilent fraction collectors with software-controlled funnel trays, for 40, 80 or 120 funnels
Fraction collector Fraction collector 2
Column
Detector
During a purification run all fractions of interest must be collected however, depending on the application, it is also necessary to collect everything else in a sample-specific location, the so-called recovery location (figure). Recovery collection is often used in a walk-up environment, for very valuable samples and as a safety feature in case a peak or fraction of interest is not collected.
Possible reasons for non-collection are:
       User inputs wrong target mass or formula
       User selects inappropriate generic method
       Peaks fail to cross trigger threshold of generic methods
       Sample has poor ionization
       Mechanical or software failure   
For recovery collection Agilent can offer you three different solution. The simplest one is based on a 12 Position 13 Port valve. The next one uses a simple third party fraction collector. The most sophisticated is based on the 1100 Series fraction collector preferable with the funnel trays. The gives you full software control of recovery collector including graphical user interface (advanced SW Solution) and reporting.
For further information please check the following application note EN.
Click here to see animation
Recovery device
Valve
Fraction collector Fraction collector 2

22. Controlled Area Network - System Intelligence
Advantages
Controlled Area Network
- System Intelligence
The design of the 1200 Series modules delivers:
Operation independent of PC
Real-time data processing
Fractions are triggered by inter-module communication without computer delay due to CPU usage or network traffic
Automatic tray-recognition prevents overflow of fractions
System-integrated intelligence not only allows users a tailored modular system set-up from the wide choice of Agilent 1100 Series modules but also accomplishes realtime data processing. Real-time data processing is of particular importance for instantaneous fraction collection and safe and reliable system operation even in the case of PC-power or network breakdown. In order to maintain such a flexible and safe system operation all Agilent 1100 Series modules communicate via a Controller Area Network (CAN). The outcome of this is fully PC-independent system operation. Fraction triggering still proceeds in real-time even if the communication between system and PC is disturbed by heavy network traffic, a busy CPU or or gets totally lost. Because of this fractions are collected precisely as indicated in the corresponding chromatogram.
Besides CAN connection each Agilent 1100 Series module bears its own intelligence that starts becoming active as soon as the system receives a task from the PC. The PC just represents the interface between user and instrument. Its functionality is reduced to monitoring and evaluating experimental results.
PC-independent operation with real-time data processing
Fraction triggering decision by inter-module communication without computer delay e.g. due CPU usage or interface traffic
PC acts as an interface to the user. It does not operate the system, it simply monitors and presents results.
Furthermore the fraction collector automatically recognized, which tray is installed. The data of the flow rate is send from the pump directly to fraction collector. This allows the fraction collector to switch to a next position, when the tube gets overfilled.
For further information please check the following application note EN.
Click here to see animation

23. Integrated safety concept
Advantages
Integrated safety concept
Health and safety:
Standard in all 1200 Series modules:
Leak detection
Safe leak handling
Pressure under sensing in pumps Providing walk-away confidence
Forced fume extraction for the fraction collector Allows system use outside a fume cupboard
Safety issues
When working in preparative HPLC the volumes of dangerous organic solvents like acetonitrile or methanol are much higher than in analytical HPLC. Therefore special care must be taken to avoid solvent spills if, for example, a leak occurs in the system. The fractions also contain a large amount of organic solvent that will evaporate into the laboratory if the fractions are not immediately dried down after collection. Therefore the purification system must be equipped with safety features to prevent endangering the operator and the laboratory environment.
Leak handling Contrary to, for example, capillary HPLC detecting leaks in preparative HPLC is usually easy. Due to the high solvent volumes used in preparative HPLC it is not recommended to run a system unattended if no precautions were taken in case a leak occurs. However the disadvantage of an unrecognized leak during a sequence of purification runs is not only the amount of spilled solvent but also the loss of valuable samples. If the system does not recognize the leak it keeps injecting samples, which not only means that the spilled solvent presents a health risk to the operator and a threat to the laboratory environment but also that the valuable samples injected after the occurrence of the leak are lost. Therefore a purification system should be equipped with a leak sensor, which shuts down the system pumps and stops the injection of the pending samples. In the Agilent 1100 Series purification system each module is equipped with a leak sensor (figure) that stops the system as soon as a few drops of liquid are detected. A drainage system makes sure that wherever the leak occurs the spilled solvent is always guided to the leak sensor of a module.
Additionally the pump will shut down, if the pressure will drop down to a specified value due to leakage.
Solvent vapor
At the end of a sequence of purification runs the collected fractions can contain several liters of organic solvent. This solvent will evaporate from the fraction container into the laboratory air, where it can easily reach the maximum concentration allowed for a working environment. Therefore, as a minimum the fraction collector of the purification system must be placed under a fume hood. A new approach was taken in the Agilent 1100 Series purification system: Due to the closed design of the fraction collector the solvent vapor cannot evaporate out of the fraction collector. A small fan at the rear of the fraction collector (figure) removes the solvent vapor from the fraction collector interior and guides it through a tube into a fume hood, for example.

24. Agilent 1200 Series purification platform - key features
Summary
Agilent 1200 Series purification platform
- key features
Dedicated systems with low delay volumes Optimized for high recovery and purity and desired throughput
Software solutions for different user needs Allows you to configure your own purification system
Automated delay volume calibration For easy and fast system set-up
Solutions for recovery collection Ensures that your valuable sample can never be lost
Integrated safety concept Safe leak handling/detection and forced fume extraction gives you walk-away confidence
System Intelligence with CAN network Data processing in real time for instantaneous and precise fraction collection
Single-vendor solutions For all your equipment, columns, supplies and support

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