1. Chapter 2: The Human Organism and the Power of Energy

2. What is energy? You may sometimes feel like you are having too much work and not enough energy to do the work!  Energy is the Capacity to do work or to produce change. – Homework induces a change in your brain: connections between neurons are formed, therefore it requires energy.

3. 100 g One Joule represents the energy needed to lift an object weighing one Newton (N) to the height of one meter (m). 1 Joule 1 meter Unit of energy: The standard unit of energy is the ___________ Joule (J). On earth 1N = 100 g 100 g

4. Calorie 15°C  16°C

5. Thermal energy The energy, that is contained in the agitation of the molecules.

6. Thermal Energy

7. ✓ Thermal energy The energy, that is contained in the agitation of the molecules. The amount of thermal energy, that a substance contains, depends on the degree of agitation of its molecules (temperature)… … and on how much substance there is.  Which contains more thermal energy? 80°C 50°C

8. Melting of snow. Lifting of a hot air balloon by heating the air. Examples of work or change induced by thermal energy.

9. Radiant energy … is the energy contained in and transported by electromagnetic waves

10. Electromagnetic waves:  transport energy from one place to another. The amount of transported energy depends on the wavelength and the quantity of radiation. The shorter the wavelength of a given number of waves the more energy the wave can transport. Radiant Energy

12. Examples of work or change induced by radiant energy. Food is heated by microwaves Getting suntanned or burned from ultraviolet rays

13. Density

14. Mechanical energy.. Is the energy that results from the _____of an object, its _____, and its _____________ _____________. speed mass relationship to its surrounding

15. Mechanical Energy - speed fast slow

16. Mechanical Energy - mass light heavy

17. Mechanical Energy - position

18. Mechanical energy.. Is the energy that results from the _____of an object, its _____, and its _____________ _____________. > The greater the speed the greater the mechanical energy. > The greater the mass the greater the mechanical energy. > The higher the object the greater its mechanical energy. speed mass relationship to its surrounding

19. Crater caused by an asteroid. Electricity generated by spinning a turbine (hydro + wind). Dent in a car from a crash. Examples of work or change induced by mechanical energy.

20. Chemical Energy … is the energy stored in the bonds of a molecule Energy is stored when bonds are formed … … and can only be released when bonds are broken and reorganized.

21. Chemical Energy Photosynthesis CO 2 +H 2 O

22. Chemical Energy Respiration CO 2 +H 2 O

23. Chemical Energy … is the energy stored in the bonds of a molecule Energy is stored when bonds are formed … … and can only be released when bonds are broken and reorganized. The amount of energy stored in a molecule depends on the strength and the number of bonds.

24. COMBUSTION of gasoline  Driving of a car. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: light energy  chemical energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION: chemical energy  animals grow move and think. Examples of work or change associated with chemical energy.

25. Energy FormEnergy Source Solar EnergySun Electrical EnergyPower Station Wind EnergyWind Sound EnergySound Waves Hydraulic EnergyMoving Water Nuclear EnergyNucleus of an atom Other Forms of Energy

26. Energy transfer Energy transfer is the movement of energy from one place to another:

27. HEAT is the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another. The molecules in the drink transfer thermal energy to the cup  the cup gets warm. The molecules of the cup transmit vibration energy to the molecules of our skin.  Agitation of the molecules in our skin feels warm to us. Heat / Heat transfer Energy

28. Transformation of energy The transformation of energy is the change of one form of energy into another. lightchemical mechanical electricalthermal

29. Matter Pure Substance Compound Element Molecule Particle Characteristic Chemical Property Characteristic Physical Property Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Colloid Solution Solute Solvent Solubility Concentration Dilution Terms to Know

30. Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion. Particles in a solid are very close together and move very little. Particles in a liquid are close together and move more than the particles in a solid but less than particles in a gas Particles in a gas are very far apart and move a lot. Particle Model

31. MIXTURES heterogeneous homogeneous Suspension ? ✗ Colloid Solution PURE SUBSTANCES compounds elements MATTER Contain only one type of particle

32. Decantation Centrifugation Filtration Evaporation Distillation Chromatography Separation Techniques

33. Melting Point Boiling Point Density Solubility Do not change the substance during the identification process. Characteristic physical properties

34. Chemical characteristic properties GasLiqidCertain metal salts Hydrogen Burning splint test  explosion Water Cobalt chloride paper  turns pink Flame test  Flame will take a characteristic colour depending on the metal Oxygen Glowing splint test  re-ignition Acid /Base Litmus paper  acid > red base > blue Carbon dioxide Limewater test  gets cloudy

35. a)Decantation b)Filtration c)Centrifugation d)Distillation Which purification technique would be least useful in separating a mixture of two liquids?

36. PropertyResults Boiling Point65°C Mass79g Volume100mL ColourClear Reaction to litmus paperNo change Which of the properties in the table below can help us identify the unknown substance tested?

37. a)A bowl of Cereal: ______________________ b)A Toonie: __________________ c)Chocolate Milk: __________________ d)Blood: ___________________ Identify the following as Homogeneous or Heterogeneous