1. Energy!
The ability to do work

2. Types of energy Nuclear Mechanical Electromagnetic (Solar/Light)
Potential
Kinetic
Electromagnetic (Solar/Light)
Electrical
Chemical
Thermal (Heat)

3. Nuclear
Nuclear energy is created from reactions in the nucleus of the atom:

4. Nuclear Fusion – Atoms combining into one atom
Fission – An atom splitting apart
Radioactivity - an atom decaying (losing part of its nucleus)

5. Energy relating to the motion or position of an object
Mechanical Energy
Energy relating to the motion or position of an object
Mechanical Energy has two forms: Kinetic & Potential

6. Potential and Kinetic Potential: stored energy
It has the potential to do work, but it is not in the action of doing any work.
Kinetic: energy of motion
Energy that is actively doing work.

7. Examples of Mechanical Energy:
Wind – Molecules of air moving and colliding with objects.
Sound – molecules of air hitting your ear drum causing it to vibrate.
Hydroelectric – Water pressure causing a turbine to spin
Friction – rubbing objects together creating heat.

8. Electromagnetic (Light)
Waves of energy that travel through space from the sun and stars
Different wavelengths carry different amounts of energy
We only see a small portion of the spectrum

9. Electrical
Movement or flow of electrons
Electrons carry a charge

10. Energy stored in the form of chemical bonds

11. Chemical
Fe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
Reactants  Products

12. Special type of chemical reaction: Combustion!
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
Burning natural gas:
CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Burning propane:
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H20
Burning gasoline:
C8H18 + O2  CO2 + H20

13. Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
Breaking bonds between atoms uses energy– this is an Endothermic process
Making bonds between atoms releases energy– this is an Exothermic process.
In a chemical reaction, bonds are both made and broken. Sometimes the net result will be endothermic, and sometimes it will be exothermic.

14. Most Chemical reactions need something to get started – Activation Energy

15. Heat (thermal)
Movements of atoms in a substance

16. Heat (thermal) Heat vs. Temperature
Temperature is the average speed of the molecules. The faster the molecules move, the higher their temperature.
Heat is the energy that flows due to temperature differences.
The Amount of the substance will affect heat but not temperature.

17. Heat (thermal) 90 degrees Celcius 40 degrees Celcius
Which has a higher temperature?
Which has more heat? (Hint – which will warm you up more?)

18. Heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation
Heat transferred through direct contact between substances
Convection
Heat transferred by currents moving in a gas or liquid
Radiation
Heat transferred by electromagnetic waves

20. Energy Transfer
Energy is constantly converting from one form to another

21. Energy Transfer
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy is neither created nor destroyed – it is converted.
Nothing is 100% efficient

22. Here electrical energy is being converted to:
____________
But what other conversions are happening?

23. Here electrical energy is being converted to:
________________
But what other conversions are happening?