1. You are an important part of Infection Control! Your commitment to following proper procedures, hand hygiene, and patient and family teaching can make the difference for you and your patients in your future work.

3. Methods of Transmission:

4. So how do we do infection control? The answer is Isolation Goal of Isolation Prevent transmission of microorganisms from infected or colonized patients to other patients, hospital visitors, and healthcare workers

5. Types of isolation are based on how the disease/infectious organism is spread. Read the isolation signs on the outside of the patient’s door or above the head of the patient’s bed. The signs will tell you what personal protective equipment to put on before entering the room or before initiating any patient care task. Take off PPE’s when leaving the patients’ room.

6. There are three transmission-based precaution categories and therefore three “isolation categories”

7. Contact: Used to prevent transmission of epidemiologically important organisms from an infected or colonized patient through direct (touching patient) or indirect (touching surfaces or objects in the patient’s environment) contact

8. Droplet: Designed to prevent droplet (larger particle) transmission of infectious agents when the patient talks, coughs, or sneezes

9. Contact: Used to prevent transmission of epidemiologically important organisms from an infected or colonized patient through direct (touching patient) or indirect (touching surfaces or objects in the patient’s environment) contact Droplet: Designed to prevent droplet (larger particle) transmission of infectious agents when the patient talks, coughs, or sneezes Airborne: Designed to prevent airborne transmission of droplet nuclei or dust particles containing infectious agents

10. Standard Precautions: Standard Precautions apply to all patients! Hygiene: Use disinfections on hands before and after patient contact. PPE: Use proper PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) according to the task.

11. Contact Precautions: Apply to patients with contact infectious decease. Room: The patient who has that kind of infection has to have a single room Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when coming and leaving the isolation room and before and after touching the patient PPE: Nursing staff has to wear gloves when being near and touching the patient -The other guards are needed when there is a risk of splashing Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to be informed about the isolation

12. Droplet Precautions: Apply to patients with infectious decease with risk of emitting droplets. Room: The patient who has that kind of infection has to have a single room, or be kept at least 1 meter from other patients. Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when coming and leaving the isolation room and before and after touching the patient PPE: Nursing staff has to use a mouth-nose mask when being near the patient (less than 1m) -The other guards are needed when there is a risk of splashing Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to be informed about the isolation

13. Airborne Precautions Apply to patients with infectious decease with risk of airborne transmission. Room: Room with negative air pressure (vacuum) with “airlock” door system. Or negative pressure “tent” if negative pressure room is not available. - If single room is not available, all patients has to either have immunity for the other decease, or have the same decease. - Patient is not allowed to leave the room. Hygiene: Everyone has to disinfect the hands when coming and leaving the isolation room and before and after touching the patient PPE: Nursing staff has to use “Duckbill” mask (FFP2 or FFP3) already when entering the room, if they are not immune for the decease. - The other guards are needed when there is a risk of splashing Information: Everyone who deal with the patient has to be informed about the isolation

14. Examples of deceases witch require additional isolation precautions: Contact: Skin infections, polio, MRSA Droplet: Whooping-cough, influenza, Rubella Airborne: Chicken Pox (Varicella), Herpes Zoster, Measles

15. Infection control is not only isolation (prevention)... Daily check if the isolation is effective, eg. Information is in place and correct. Constant surveillancing the patients condition to be sure that the actual isolation category is correct and react if its no longer the case.

16. This Presentation was made by: Emilia, Roosa & Anne Sources: http://chris.shands.ufl.edu/education/ic2004/sld001.htm http://www.people.vcu.edu/~gbearman/Adobe%20files/IsolationGuidelines%5B1%5D.pdf