1. CHINA PART TWO

2. Bellwork: Define new terms. Tang—A dynasty with the dates 618-907 AD. Qin—A 7-stringed zither; Confucius played this instrument. Guzheng—A 16-25 stringed zither with a moveable bridge. Sona—A Chinese oboe. Zhong—A bell. Erhu—A two stringed fiddle.

3. Announcements Reading Outline #4 is due this Thursday, September 5 th. The next Mastery Test will be on Tuesday, September 10 th.

4. Qin

5. Guzheng

6. Sona

7. Erhu

8. Guided Notes The lead performer or lead instrument, plays an important role in Chinese music and is responsible for the many solo music genres. When music is performed for entertainment purposes at social gatherings, it serves as a backdrop for people to conduct their socialization. The three elements of the ideal confusion gentleman are becoming: An author An accomplished musician An artist

9. How speech influences music The different styles of Chinese music are influenced by: dialect- specific speech patterns. Although much of the thematic material was the same, the improvisation was regional, as was the decision to add or delete specific material.

10. Leonard Bernstein on Speech in Music: Video clip questions—Speech and Music Hungarian words are accented on the first syllable, therefore, the music of Bartok contains stresses on the first beat of a phrase. French words are equal in stress and in accent, subsequently the music is smooth. The Italian language has long vowels, the music has long flowing lines. When speaking Spanish, the consonants are important not the vowels, so the music is crisp and rhythmic like the language. Germans use heavy, long words with long combinations of sounds. German music is heavy, with long phrases. In England the speech pattern and music is tripping, light and quick. Western American cowboy speech and music is lazy and drawling. New York music and speech is filled with syncopation and tough charm.

11. CFU: Write your own poem setting. We just saw many examples of how speech imitates music. Individually or in pairs: Write a poem about a natural event such as a rain storm, a hot day, an earthquake, a tornado, etc. Put accents under the words where you want them to go. < Write your accents like this: boom. When we re-group we’ll add rhythms to your poem and see just how music can imitate speech. (use shell silverstein poem as an example)

12. Active Listening #2 The Great Wave Washes the Beach, Pipa Draw a picture on your white board of a scene this music evokes.

13. Just the Fax Listening example #2 The Great Wave Washes the Beach, Pipa Non-metered—free rhythm sections of music often occur in the introduction of this work. A programmatic song frequently depicts symbolism from nature. Chinese timbre can be described as the beautifying of mere sounds. Frequently, the interval which separates the melody from the bass note is an octave. Another common technique is when the same note is played on two different strings. The broad sweeping chords symbolize the big crashes of the waves.

14. Guzheng

15. Listening Example #3 Seagulls playing in water: Guzheng Active listening: Do the glissandoes, the rapid note changes, in the beginning go from “high to low” or “low to high”? Are the notes “bending” in pitch? How many notes of the scale are used? 5, 7 or 8?

16. You gotta know this! Listening Example #3 Seagulls playing in water: Guzheng The guzheng imitates the splashing sound of seagulls diving. Strings were traditionally made of twisted silk running lengthwise from end to end. At the ending of this piece chui or rushing occurs—this is when the last section of a piece speeds up. This is an example of shujing, a depiction of a scene with sound. An inward pluck with the forefinger produces a thinner sound, whereas an outward pluck renders a fuller sound. A pluck with the fingernail or fingertip produce a thin and delicate timbre or a sonorous sound, respectively.

17. CFU: Gallery Walk On a small post-it write down one fact from the listening examples of today. When you have completed this, place it in a larger category on the board: Pipa instrument facts Guzheng instrument facts General Chinese musical styles Do a gallery walk by row and write down two additional facts from the category you chose.

18. The Zhou ideal of the correct music Great music shares the principles of harmony with the universe. Through the principles of harmony, acoustic phenomenon, order is restored in the physical world.

19. The Cyclic Phenomenon of Chinese Music In the “cyclic phenomenon” of Chinese music there is a cycle to music making almost similar to the rain cycle. First, a song begins on the folk level and is adopted by the government for court and banquet settings. Then, at the fall of the regime, the court and banquet musicians return to their smaller communities with the music they have been performing, thus turning it back into village folk music.

20. Exit Ticket What is a Qin? Name the three traits of a Confucian gentleman: What makes up a programmatic song? The different styles of Chinese music are influenced by: The guzheng imitates the splashing sound of: