1. Lauren Casulli

2. Which boat hull is the most efficient at different water speeds?

3. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the most efficient boat hull.

4.  There are six main hull shapes in use today:  Flat Bottom  Catamaran  V Bottom  Tri Hull  Pontoon  Barge

5. The most efficient boat hull at any speed is the tri-hull because the air tunnels reduce drag.

6.  Wood  Water pump  Dual Force Sensor  Wooden trough  Band saw, table saw, drill, sander  Eye hooks (4)  String  Copper pipe  Tygon tubing  Ball valve  Pipe clamps

7. 1. Draw outlines of top view and side view of boat 2. Cut wood 3. Sand and finalize shape 4. Attach force sensor to one end of trough 5. Attach eye hooks to bow of boat, connect string from boat to sensor 6. Fill trough with water, controlling the speed of water with ball valve 7. Allow water speed to reach 0.0318 m /sec, place first boat in trough and record sensor reading for ten seconds. Repeat two more times. 8. Repeat with other three boats, do not change water speed 9. Change the water speed to 0.0477 m / sec and measure the force on all four boats with sensor 10. Repeat at 0.0636 m/sec

10. Hull Bottoms

11. Boat Hull Tops

12. Independent Variables  Water speed  Hull shape Dependent Variables  Force on hulls Control  Raft Constants  Pump  Water  Trough  Sensor  Water speeds

16. HighRaftBargeV BottomTri Hull Trial 10.36980.1780.10050.08993 Trial20.27850.18220.10180.08416 Trial 30.40340.19220.10710.07907 Averages0.35060.18410.10310.08440 T-Tests RB0.04263 BVB0.0007465 VBTH0.06600 RVB0.001349 BTH0.005291 RTH0.01992 Data – High Speed

17. MediumRaftBargeV BottomTri Hull Trial 10.21640.049670.031680.01497 Trial 20.21770.038220.031710.02297 Trial 30.20960.044390.030650.02388 Averages0.21460.044090.031350.02061 TTEST RB0.0007037 BVB0.06268 VBTH0.07156 RVB0.0001398 BTH0.05607 RTH0.0005502

18. SlowRaftBargeV BottomTri Hull Trial 10.1580.020.022160.0005921 Trial 20.15230.030060.023370.003039 Trial 30.13750.029630.022230.001069 Averages0.14930.026560.022590.001567 T-Tests RB0.03970 BVB0.3252 VBTH0.0002997 RVB0.03557 BTH0.01257 RTH0.02857

19. The hypothesis was supported as the Tri-Hull consistently had the least amount of resistance at any speed of water. The V-bottom was a close second as the best hull as it had significantly less resistance than the flat bottom and raft. There is almost no significant difference between the V bottom and Tri-Hull.

20. This experiment was significant because it contributed to the idea that not every hull is suitable for every activity. The experiment demonstrated that certain hulls would be more efficient and effective for activities at lower water speeds while some hulls were better for high speed activities.

21. Zidock Jr, A. (1999, July/August). Boat Hull Design. Retrieved September/ October, 2010, from Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission website: http:// www.fish.state.pa.us/anglerboater/1999/julaug99/boathull.htm