1. HIGH SPEED OHE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
ISSUES
CHALLENGES
OPTIONS
Presented by –
J. N. LAL
SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
(TRACTION INSTALLATION)
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

2. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

3. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
RAILWAY SYSTEM
ENERGY EFFICIENT
TRANSPORT FOR MASS MOVEMENT
TRANSPORT TYPE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION (MEGAJOULE/TKM)
ROAD TRANSPORT
1.2 – 8.0
RAIL
0.6
VEHICLE TYPE
PERMITTED AXLE LOAD (TONNES/AXLE)
ROAD
8.0
RAIL
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

4. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF
RAILWAY SYSTEM
PASSENGER TRAINS
EMITS 10 TIMES LESS GREEN HOUSE GASES THAN ROAD PASSENGER VEHICLE
FREIGHT RAIL VEHICLE
EMITS 27 TIMES LESS GREEN HOUSE GASES THAN ROAD VEHICLE
CONTINUED . . .
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

5. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
HIGH SPEED
ROAD VEHICLE
CAN OFFER 110 – 120 KMPH SPEED
HIGH SPEED TRAINS
OFFER MUCH FASTER SERVICE THAN ROAD VEHICLE
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

6. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
ELECTRIC TRACTION IN INDIA
ENERGY EFFICIENT
SYSTEM VOLTAGE
SECTION
INTRODUCED DURING
550 VOLTS DC
CALCUTTA TRAMWAYS
1905
1500 VOLTS DC
VICTORIA TERMINUS – KURLA HARBOUR LINE
3000 VOLTS DC
HOWRAH – SHEORAPHULI
25 KV AC
KENDPOSI – RAJKHARSAWAN
2 X 25 KV AT
BINA – KATNI
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

7. OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SYSTEM
AS COMMISSIONED DURING EARLY ELECTRIFICATION ON
CATENARY WIRE: 65 sq. mm
(MESSENGER WIRE)
CONTACT WIRE: 107 sq. mm
(CONTACT LINE)
Thank you for your attention & I would be pleased to answer any questions, that you may have.
I can also be reached, at the contacts, detailed above.
Thank You !!
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION 7

8. PRESENT STATUS OF ELECTRIFICATION (UPTO 31.03.2012)
PRESENT SCENARIO
PRESENT STATUS OF ELECTRIFICATION (UPTO )
TOTAL ROUTE KILOMETRE :
67346
TOTAL ELECTRIFIED ROUTE KILOMETRE
22,224
(33%)
TRAFFIC CARRIED BY ELECTRIC TRACTION ( )
FREIGHT TRAFFIC :
64.3%
PASSENGER SERVICES
51%
ELECTRIC ENERGY BILL PAID
38%
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

9. DEVELOPMENT OF FREIGHT WAGONS
PERIOD
TYPE OF WAGONS
AXLE LOAD
(TONNES)
SPEED
(KMPH)
1950
4 WHEELER
16.25 65
1960
8 WHEELER (VACCUM BREAK)
20.32 75
1980
8 WHEELER BOXN, BCNA (AIR BREAK)
80/100
1996
1997
CONTAINER WAGON (BLCA/BLCB)
---
100
2006
8 WHEELER (BCNHL)
22.9
8 WHEELER (BOXNHL)
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
8 WHEELER BOXNHL 25
110
IN FUTURE
32.5
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

10. EVOLUTION OF PAY LOAD FOR BOXN
TAKING OFF PERIOD
(FROM)
PERMISSIBLE CARRYING CAPACITY (TONNES)
NUMBER
OF WAGONS
IN A RAKE
STANDARD RAKE LOAD
(PAY LOAD)
(TONNES)
1975 CC
30 BOX
 ---
TRAIN LOAD INTRODUCED ON -
1500
3000
CC+2 (60.8)
58 BOX N
3526
CC+4 (62.8)
3642
CC+8 (66.8)
3874 67
3886
2009
59 BOX N
3953 68
4012
INSTRUCTION FOR STANDARD RAKE LOAD (PAY LOAD) ISSUED BY RAILWAY BOARD
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

11. PERFORMANCE: FREIGHT TRAFFIC
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

12. SPEED POTENTIAL OF PASSENGER COACHES/TRAINS
PERIOD
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SPEED
(KMPH)
COACH
1955 96
IRS COACH
1965
105
ICF-ALL COIL
1971
130
RAJDHANI INTRODUCED
1988
140
SHATABDI INTRODUCED
2001
160
LHB COACH
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

13. PERFORMANCE: PASSENGER TRAFFIC
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

14. DEVELOPMENT OF TRACK TECHNOLOGY
Axle Load
Railway
(DFC)
4800 rkm
(7.6% of Total rkm)
26000 rkm
(41% of Total rkm)
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

15. ADOPTION OF HIGHER RAIL SECTIONS
PERIOD
RAIL SECTION
EARLIER
74 UTS
50R, 60R, 75R, 890R
IRS 52 Kg RAIL SECTIONS DEVELOPED
UIC 60 Kg RAIL SECTION WAS ADOPTED
2009
68 Kg RAIL SECTION
2001
160
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

16. ADOPTING LONGER LENGTH
PERIOD
RAIL SECTION
EARLIER
13 METRES RAIL
65 m/78 m LONG RAIL COMMENCED
SUPPLY OF 130 m/ 260 m LONG RAIL COMMENCED
2009
68 Kg RAIL SECTION
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

17. INTRODUCTION OF HIGHER HORSE POWER ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
PERIOD
SPEED
POTENTIAL
(KMPH)
HORSE POWER
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE TYPE
1960 80
2870
WAM1
1967
3150
1970
120
3400
WAM4
1983
130
105
3850
WAP1,
WAG5
1991
140
100
5000
WAP4,
WAG7
1993
6120
WAG9, WAP7
DFCCIL
9000
FUTURE
12000
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

18. DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC LOCOS
Horse power on rail determines mass and speed of the trailing loads that can be hauled. Horsepower of electric locomotives has increased considerably.
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

19. OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR SYSTEM
AS ON
(EVEN AFTER 53 YEARS OF COMMISSIONING)
CATENARY WIRE: 65 sq. mm
(MESSENGER WIRE)
CONTACT WIRE: 107 sq. mm
(CONTACT LINE)
Thank you for your attention & I would be pleased to answer any questions, that you may have.
I can also be reached, at the contacts, detailed above.
Thank You !!
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION 19

20. EVOLUTION OF TRACTION POWER DENSITY
SECTION
POWER DENSITY DURING INITIAL COMMISSIONING
 (MVA/RKM)
PRESENT POWER DENSITY
(MVA/RKM)
HOWRAH-NEW DELHI
0.18
0.53/0.57*
NEW DELHI- IGATPURI- MUMBAI CST
0.24
0.48/0.56*
NEW DELHI- KOTA-MUMBAI CENTRAL
0.19 
0.46/0.49*
HOWRAH-VISHAKHAPATNAM-CHENNAI
0.32
0.46/0.63*
MUMBAI CST- PUNE-CHENNAI
SECTION UNDER ELECTRIFICATION.
HOWRAH-NAGPUR-MUMBAI CST
0.28
0.51/0.66*
NEW DELHI-NAGPUR-CHENNAI
0.29
0.46/0.56*
* TRACTION POWER DENSITY OF THE SECTION WHILE TRACTION TRANSFORMERS ARE WORKING WITH OIL NATURAL AIR FORCED COOLING CONDITION.
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

21. SUMMARY OF POPULATION OF TRACTION SUB-STATION
SECTION
Route (Km)
Traction Sub-Station (Nos.)
Initially Constructed
Existing Augmented
Additional Constructed
Total
Howrah-New Delhi
1447 21 26 18 39
New Delhi- Igatpuri- Mumbai CST
1544 27 22 9 36
Churchgate - Mumbai Central-New Delhi
1393
 21 28
Howrah-Vishakhapatnam-Chennai
1662 31 15 4 35
Mumbai CST- Pune-Chennai
1283
Electrification of complete section is in progress
Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai CST
1968 40 20 13 53
New Delhi-Nagpur-Chennai
2184 44 32 48
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

22. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
SPACING BETWEEN SUBSTATIONS
DEPENDING UPON THE TRACTION POWER REQUIREMENT,
EITHER EXISTING TRACTION SUB-STATIONS HAS BEEN AUGMENTED (FROM 10 MVA TO 21.6/30.24 MVA AND FURTHER TO 30/40 MVA) OR
ADDITIONAL TRACTION SUB-STATION HAS BEEN ADDED
SPACING BETWEEN TWO TRACTION SUB-STATION HAS BEEN REDUCED FROM 70 KMS TO 20 KMS (APPROX.)
FURTHER REDUCTION OF TRACTION SUB-STATION SPACING WILL HAVE ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE AND THEREBY ON TRAIN OPERATION.
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

23. HIGH SPEED OHE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
―ISSUES
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

24. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
ISSUES
ACCOMODATION OF HIGHER SPEED ON EXISTING OVERHEAD INFRASTRUCTURES
MEETING POWER QUALITY NORMS WHILE INCREASING TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY OF TRACTION SUB-STATIONS
INCREASING FAILURE TOLERANCE OF TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
ACHIEVING HIGHER SYSTEM RELIABILITY
REDUCING LAND REQUIREMENT FOR HIGHER TRACTION POWER DELIVERY
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

25. HIGH SPEED OHE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
―CHALLENGES
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

26. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
CHALLENGES (160 KMPH)
FOR ONE/ TWO TRAINS
REPLACEMENT OF CONTACT WIRE
107 sq. mm sq. mm
(WITH 1200 Kgf TENSION IN CATENARY & CONTACT WIRE)
CHANGE OF DROPPER SCHEDULE
(WITH 50 mm PRE SAG)
MULTI ZONE PROTECTION SYSTEM
FOR REGULAR SERVICES
ADOPTION OF 2X25 kV AT SYSTEM
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

27. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
CHALLENGES (200 KMPH)
ADOPTION OF 2X25 kV AT SYSTEM
ADOPTION OF LIGHT BRACKET ASSEMBLIES
ADJUST THE CONTACT WIRE GRADIENT
(FROM 3 mm TO 2 mm/meter – ABSOLUTE)
(FROM 1.5 mm TO 1 mm/meter – RELATIVE)
MAINTAIN MINIMUM DROPPER LENGTH
(500 mm)
 VALIDATION OF OHE
BY EN-50317, EN & EN-50367
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

28. HIGH SPEED OHE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
―OPTIONS
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

29. OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
TO INCREASE THROUGHPUT
TO MEET THE PUBLIC NEED
TO COPE UP WITH INCREASED GDP OF THE COUNTRY
TO BOOST UP THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY
FOR SURVIVAL OF IR IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
CONTINUE . . .
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

30. OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
HIGH SPEED OHE OF IR
OPTIONS – CORPORATE IMPERATIVE
ACTION POINTS
MAIL EXPRESS AT 160 KMPH
200 KMPH
PASSENGER SERVICES AT 100 KMPH
(MEMU – 18 COACH RAKE)
GOODS SERVICES AT 100 KMPHS
(WITH HIGHER AXLE LOAD–25 TONNES/32.5 TONNES)
INCREASE OF PAYLOAD TO TARE RATIO
INTRODUCTION OF LIGHT WEIGHT COACHES
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION

31. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
THE ETERNAL QUESTION
“YAKSHA PRASHNA” (THE ETERNAL QUESTION):
“WHAT IS THE ULTIMATE SURPRISE?”
YUDHISHTIR ANSWERED:
“THE MOST IMPORTANT AND VALUABLE FACTORS ARE MOST HIDDEN AND FORGOTTEN”
WHAT WE SEE?
WE SEE AND APPRECIATE THE MODERN RAILWAYS BUT NOT THE TECHNOLOGICAL EXCELLENCE.
WE SEE SUCCESS STORY OF ELECTRIC TRACTION ON IR BUT NOT THE NEED TO CONTINUALLY UPGRADE THE TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
Thank you for your attention & I would be pleased to answer any questions, that you may have.
I can also be reached, at the contacts, detailed above.
Thank You !!
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION 31