2. By: Jessie Allen, Derek Alba, Tyler Haynie, Sarah Schobert

3.  To find a way to separate lead, nickel, lithium, and cobalt out from one another and the aqueous solution by turning all but one of them into a solid, then use a flame test to see if the other is the only one left.

4.  Multiple test tubes  Test tube rack(s)  Funnel  Goggles  Apron  Gloves  Bunsen burner  Wooden sticks  Filter Paper

5.  Carbonate  Fluorine  Iodide  Sulfate  Sodium

6.  1. Put your test tube into the rack with the lead, cobalt, lithium, and nickel in an aqueous solution.  2. Insert sulfate. After a while lead should turn into plumbous sulfate.  3. Then pull it out of the aqueous solution. To precipitate it out, put a piece of filter paper over a different test tube. The hold the funnel so that the liquid pours into the other test tube.  4. Then pour the aqueous solution into the funnel.

7.  5. Remove the filter paper which should contain your solid.  6. Repeat steps 2-5 until lead is completely precipitated out.  7. Then insert fluoride. After a while nickel will turn into nickelous fluoride (NiF 2 ).  8. Follow steps 3-5 to precipitate out NiF 2.  9. the repeat steps 7 and 8 until nickel is completely precipitated out.  10. Insert carbonate. After a while cobalt should turn into cobaltous carbonate.  11. the remove it from the solution by repeating steps 3-5 to precipitate cobalt out.

8.  12. Then repeat steps 10 and 11 until cobalt is completely precipitated out leaving you with only lithium left.  13. Now take the wire and get some of what is left of the solution on it.  14. Then hold it over the bunsen burner flame. Lithium should produce a red orange flame to show that lithium is the only element left.

9.  1. Put your test tube into the rack with the lead, cobalt, lithium, and nickel in an aqueous solution.  2. Pour your aqueous solution into anywhere from 4 to 8 smaller test tubes in case you mess up.  3. Then your going to take one of those smaller test tubes and split it evenly in between another empty test tube so that you have more room to add ions.  4. Next you add iodide to the solution to precipitate out lead (put into centrifuge to speed up the precipitating process). By doing this is should produce PbI.

10.  5. Next you should remove the left over liquid from the test tube leaving your precipitant. The way you do that is by dumping the liquid into another test tube.  6. Then you are going to repeat steps 4 and 5 until lead is all the way out of the solution.  7. Next you add chlorate (ClO 3 ) to your aqueous solution to precipitate nickel out by forming NiClO 3.  8. Then remove the precipitant from the aqueous solution using the same method from before and repeat until nickel is completely out.

11.  9. Next add carbonate (CO 3 ) to your aqueous solution to precipitate out cobalt. This should form CoCO 3.  10. Remove liquid left and repeat until cobalt is no long existing in the aqueous solution.  11. Now that you have everything out of the aqueous solution except lithium, take a wooden stick and soak it in the aqueous solution.  12. After the wooden stick as soaked for a while, hold it over an open flame and it should produce a red orange color.

12.  Nickel and fluoride – no reaction  Carbonate mixing with both cobalt and nickel  Diluted solution – no red flame for lithium  Never actually precipitating nickel out

13.  In conclusion, this lab was and was not a success at the same time. In a way it was a success because two participants were eventually isolated. However on the other hand it was unsuccessful because nickel was never able to be isolated and a red flame from lithium was never achieved.