1. Do Now: Answer the pre-lab questions on
the front page of your handout.

2. Learning Objectives: DNA Extraction
By the end of this class, you will be able to:
Make predictions about the appearance of DNA
Discover and explain how we are able to remove DNA from cells and see it even though DNA is very small and can usually only be seen with a powerful microscope
Predict traits that could be given to strawberries using biotechnology
Determine that the leafy green part of strawberries appears so different from the red fleshy part of the strawberry due expression of different genes and not due to different genes existing in different parts of the plant

3. Vocabulary Review Solution:
a liquid mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance

4. Vocabulary Review Soluble: able to dissolve in something.
Example: Sugar
is soluble in water

5. Vocabulary Review
3. Precipitate (noun): A solid substance that is not dissolved in a solution Precipitate (Verb): To cause a solid substance to separate from a solution

6. Vocabulary Review
3. Extract (noun): a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a solid in a liquid Extract (Verb): To remove or take out something

7. Vocabulary Review Filter (noun): something that separates
solids from liquids
Filter (verb): to
remove solids from a liquid

8. Vocabulary Review
Histone Protein:
A protein that DNA
winds around

9. Vocabulary Review Phospholipid membrane: A cell membrane that is
made up of two layers
of phospholipids.
Phospholipids have a
polar (water-loving)
head and a non-polar
fatty tail.

10. Vocabulary Review
8. Biotechnology: Taking DNA from one organism and putting it into another organism

11. Vocabulary Review Gene Expression: The conversion of the
information encoded in
a gene first into messenger
RNA and then to a protein.
Are all genes being
expressed in an organism
at all times?

12. Vocabulary Review Knead:
To mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands

13. Vocabulary Review Analogy:
a comparison between two things, usually on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification

14. Background Information
The long strands of DNA store the genetic information of living things. DNA is present in every cell of plants, animals, and other living things, with one exception.
What cells have no nucleus and therefore have no DNA?

15. Background Information
The DNA found in strawberry cells can be extracted using common materials. We will use a DNA extraction buffer. This extraction buffer will help us remove the DNA from the strawberry cells. It contains salt and soap.

16. Background Information
The salt breaks up the histone proteins that the DNA is wrapped around.
Why would we need to break up these proteins before extracting the DNA from cells?

17. Background Information
The soap dissolves the phospholipid part of the strawberry cell and nuclear membranes.
Why do we need to dissolve the cell and nuclear membranes before extracting the DNA?

18. Laboratory Safety
None of the chemicals or materials we will be using in this lab are particularly dangerous. However, you must be careful and follow a few basic rules: 

19. Laboratory Safety Rules
1. DO NOT EAT ANYTHING. I know the strawberries look delicious. Do not eat them. Today, they are not food, they are laboratory materials.
2. BE CAREFUL WITH THE SCISSORS. Mrs. Campbell will demonstrate the correct way to hand somebody a pair of scissors.
3. WASH YOUR HANDS after you have finished the lab activity.
4. POUR LIQUIDS CAREFULLY. Do not splash any liquids on purpose. If you spill something, wipe it up with a wet paper towel, then wipe the surface again with a dry paper towel.

20. Materials Check your lab station to make sure you have these items:
Plastic zip-top bag
1 strawberry
DNA extraction buffer
graduated cylinder
cheesecloth
funnel
test tube
test tube rack
wooden skewer
ice cold isopropyl alcohol
scissors

21. Breaking Laboratory Safety Rules
Breaking the rules will cause you to lose your lab privileges. You will have to sit in a chair in the back of the room and watch everybody else do the lab. Continued disruptive behavior will earn you a referral.

22. Modeling the Lab Procedure
Watch Mrs. Campbell as she goes through all of the steps of the lab.

23. Clean Up
After you have finished the lab: -throw away the zip-top bag and the cheesecloth -dump the liquid from the test tube in the bucket that is next to the sink -place test tubes, funnels, and sticks in the appropriate bins by the sink -wipe down your table and wash your hands -start working on the Conclusions and Analysis questions -if you finish the Conclusions and Analysis questions, you may start your homework (the genetic engineering article and questions)