1. Chapter 6
ADVERBS

2. Learning Objectives To recognize adverbs To use adverbs effectively1
To recognize adverbs 2
To use adverbs effectively 3
To use adverbs to make accurate comparisons 4
To place adverbs appropriately 5
To avoid using double negatives

3. Adverbs—Definition, Forms, and Uses
Adverbs are words used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Most adverbs are formed by adding an –ly ending to an adjective.
Other adverbs indicating place, direction, time, and other relationships do not have –ly endings.
Adverbs often answer one of the following questions: how, where, when, or to what extent.
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 1 through 3.

4. Adverbs—Uses (continued)
The adverbs not and never are used to negate whatever is being said.
In the present and past tenses, not is generally accompanied by the helping verb do/does or did.
Not is often used in contraction with the helping verb.
Refer to CHECKPOINT 4.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-1 and 6-2.

5. Comparisons in Adverbs
POSITIVE
DEGREE
COMPARATIVE DEGREE
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
This is the base form of the adverb and is used for comparisons showing equality and for statements not involving comparisons
Formed either by using more or less immediately before adverbs ending in -ly, or by adding an –er ending to the base form of other adverbs
Formed either by using most or least immediately before adverbs ending in -ly, or by adding an –est ending to the base form of other adverbs
Refer to CHECKPOINT 5.

6. Comparisons in Adverbs (continued)
Irregular adverbs do not form comparative or superlative degree by either method (using more/most before the adverb or adding -er/-est to the base form).
For double comparisons, include as after the positive degree adverb and than after the comparative degree adverb.
Avoid the following:
Excessive use of very
Using new adverbs made of nouns + -wise
Using unnecessary adverbs
Refer to CHECKPOINT 6.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-3 and 6-4.

7. Placement of Adverbs
An adverb that modifies an adjective or other adverb
is placed immediately before the word that it modifies
An adverb that modifies a verb
may occupy many positions in a sentence
An adverb in the introductory or final position in a sentence
receives great emphasis
An adverb set off in commas
receives additional emphasis
Placement of the adverbs only, merely, and also
greatly affects the meaning of a sentence
Refer to CHECKPOINTS 7 and 8.

8. Placement of Adverbs PLACEMENT OF NOT DOUBLE NEGATIVES (continued)
Avoid using two negative words
in the same sentence
because the second
negative word will cancel
the meaning of the first.
PLACEMENT OF NOT
To increase emphasis and
clarity, place not immediately before all in negative statements that apply to some individuals or items named by the subject.
Placement of Adverbs
(continued)
Refer to CHECKPOINT 9.
Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-5 and 6-6.
Refer to CHAPTER 6 REVIEW.
Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.

9. Learning Objectives To recognize adverbs To use adverbs effectively1
To recognize adverbs 2
To use adverbs effectively 3
To use verbs to make accurate comparisons 4
To place adverbs appropriately 5
To avoid using double negatives