1. By Cameron Rasmus, Jack, Edge

2.   Capitol: Constantinople  -Heart of trade, located on the shores of Bosporus guarded by three sides of water, Natural seaborne and land defenses defended from attack  Lands contained: North Africa, Italy, Southern Iberian Peninsula, Asia Minor, Egypt, Middle east Byzantine: Geography

3.  The City of Constantinople

4.  Regions of The Byzantine Empire

5.   330 Constantine founded Constantinople heart of the Byzantine empire.  527 Justinian came into power.  529-565 Justinian's code of law is in power.  1054 the Church split  1040 The empire called upon the western church to help fight the Seljuks and launch the first Crusade.  1204 The Western Church took over Constantinople  1261 The Byzantine empire took back Constantinople  1453 The Ottomans took over Constantinople renaming it Istanbul. Byzantine: Timeline

6.   The Byzantine Churches two sides argued over indifferences  1054 The ban of worshipping icons such as Jesus and mother mary was the tipping point between the churches  Split into the Western Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church was known as The Great Schism  Worship of icons were eventually reintroduced Byzantine: Major Event

7.   Corpus Julius Civilis “Body of Civil law” Helps strengthen the empire.  Justinian ruled as an Autocrat “Sole Ruler”. His wife Theodora acted as his adviser.  Bezant was a gold coin used for currency helped strengthen the Economy.  Trade routes created by Constantine throughout Europe and Asia created the trade of: Silk-China, Wheat-Egypt, Gems-India, Spices- Southeast Asia. Byzantine: Government and Economy

8.   King and queen in charge of the Empire  Justinian used a special code of law to unify the empire making him an autocrat.  Military power was in full strength during justinians reign.  Industry and traders were below the king and the military.  Justinians wife acted as his advisor. Social Structure and the Role of Women

9.   There were two different main Christian churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, focused on Easter and Greek while the Western Catholic Church focused on Christmas and Latin.  Byzantine Christians rejected the Pope who was appointed by the Emperor.  The emperor used the western church to fight the Seljuks to protect Jerusalem sparking the Fourth Crusade. Byzantine: Religion

10.   532 AD riots and fires decimated Constantinople  Suffered attacks from Persians, slavs, vikings, huns, turks.  An emperor bans the worship of Icons and graven images, causing a rift in the church.  During the time Period the Seljuks captured most of Asia Minor.  Constantinople fell to the fourth crusade. Cultural Interactions and Conflicts

11.   Russia lies in Eurasian plane stretching from Europe to china.  Contains 3 Regions: Northern forest that supplies lumber and fuel, fertile land for farmers in current Ukraine, southern steppe used for livestock.  Southern steppe with no natural barriers was used as a highway for trade.  Rivers in the land allowed for transportation like the Egyptian Nile. Russia: Geography

12.   800’s The Slavs settled in the 3 regions of Russia  988 The Slavs were converted to the Eastern Orthodox Church  1200 The Mongols conquered Russia  1480 Russian princes rebelled against the Mongols  1547 Ivan the Terrible became the first Czar of Russia Russia: Timeline

13.  Russia: Major Event  When Batu led the Mongols to conquer Russia, the armies were known as the Golden Horde  The Mongols burned down or raided any part of Russia they did not wish to rule  Russian Princes were allowed little power  The Mongol rule lasted through the 1200’s to the 1300’s

14.   Slavic people were organized by individual clans.  Thriving trade between the Byzantine empire allowed the Byzantine empire to have influence in kiev a major trading station.  Yaroslavl setup the connection between religion and government.  Mongols took over most of Russia and reformed its laws. Royalty had to pay tribute.  Mongols absolute power influenced later Russian rulers to centralize government around their own power  Mongols cut off Western Europe well Europe was expanding Russia: Government and Economy

15.   Converted to Byzantine Christianity by Princes Olga in 1457  Ties to Byzantine history through Vladimir led to Russians adopting byzantine Culture.  Yaroslavl set up connections between state and religion and added religious text into the code of law.  Christianity from Russia was spread through Military.  When Mongols invaded Russia they allowed the Russian Orthodox church to continue practicing mistakenly allowing it to grow during the period. Russia: Religion

16.   The Czar had absolute power above all else he was considered a god.  Below him was the military and his advisers.  Farmers, traders, slaves made up the lowest structure. Russia: Social structure and the role of women

17.   The Golden Horde (The Mongols) burns Kiev.  Russian princes were made to pay tribute to the Mongols.  Some Russian rulers based their laws and ideas off of Mongol rule.  Over time the Russian Princes were able to gain power and rebel against the mongols.  During this period Ivan the Great establishes Absolute power.  Ivan the terrible during his reign became unstable and killed people because of speculation. Russia: Cultural Inter- actions and Conflicts