1. Verbs1. Irregular (must be memorized) a. sum esse - be 2. Regular (follow a regular set of rules) a. voco vocare - call b. moneo monere - warn 1st Principal Part - voco = Present Active Indicative = I call 2nd principal Part - vocare = Present Active Infinitive = to call Any regular verb which has a first principal part ending in o and a second principal part ending in are is said to be in the First Conjugation. 1st Principal Part - moneo = Present Active Indicative = I warn 2nd principal Part - monere = Present Active Infinitive = to warn Any regular verb which has a first principal part ending in eo and a second principal part ending in ere is said to be in the Second Conjugation.

2. 1 st and 2 nd Conjugation verbs use a present stem. Present Stem = Present Infinitive - re Present Infinitive vocare - re = Present stem voca Present Infinitive monere - re = Present stem mone Rule for the Imperfect Tense for 1 st and 2 nd Conjugation Verbs Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings (Pres. St. + ba +P.E.) Active Voice Personal Endings SingularSubjectPluralSubject 1. o/mI1. muswe 2. syou2. tisyou 3. the, she, it3. ntthey, N.P.N. N.S.N

3. Present Tense of voco vocare – call (Page 36) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings Singular 1. voca+ba+m = vocabamI was calling, used to call, did call 2. voca+ba+s =vocabasyou were calling, used to call, did call 3. voca+ba+t= vocabathe was calling, used to call, did call Plural 1. voca+ba+mus = vocabamuswe were calling, used to call, did call 2. voca+ba+tis=vocabatisyou were calling, used to call, did call 3. voca+ba+nt= vocabantthey were calling, used to call, did call

4. Imperfect Tense of moneo monere – warn (Page 36) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings Singular 1. mone+ba+m = monebamI was warning, used to warn, did warn 2. mone+ba+s = monebasyou were warning, used to warn, did warn 3. mone+ba+t = monebathe was warning, used to warn, did warn Plural 1. mone+ba+mus = monebamuswe were warning, used to warn, did warn 2. mone+ba+tis = monebatisyou were warning, used to warn, did warn 3. mone+ba+nt = monebantthey were warning, used to warn, did warn

5. Imperfect Tense of (Page 36) sum esse - be absum abesse - be absent (must be memorized) adsum adesse - be present Present Tense 1. sum I am1. sumuswe are 2. es you are2. estisyou are 3. esthe is3. suntthey are Imperfect Tense 1. eram I was, used to be1. eramuswe were, used to be 2. eras you were, used to be2. eratisyou were, used to be 3. erathe was, used to be3. erantthey were, used to be

6. Imperfect Tense of (Page 36) sum esse - be absum abesse - be absent (must be memorized) adsum adesse - be present Present Tense 1. absum I am absent1. absumuswe are absent 2. abes you are absent2. abestisyou are absent 3. abesthe is absent3. absuntthey are absent Imperfect Tense 1. aberam I was absent1. aberamuswe were absent 2. aberas you were absent2. aberatisyou were absent 3. aberathe was absent3. aberantthey were absent

7. Imperfect Tense of (Page 36) sum esse - be absum abesse - be absent (must be memorized) adsum adesse - be present Present Tense 1. adsum I am present1. adsumuswe are present 2. ades you are present 2. adestisyou are present 3. adesthe is present3. adsuntthey are present Imperfect Tense 1. aderam I was present 1. aderamuswe were present 2. aderas you were present 2. aderatisyou were present 3. aderathe was present 3. aderantthey were present