1. Andrea Ware-Davis Desiree Donson

2. Although Brazil and Argentina gained independence from their dominant foreign powers, Spain and Portugal, there was still an extent to which their independence was restricted.

3. * Independence granted in 1822 by Pedro from Portugal * After 1894, coffee states Sao Paulo & Minas Gerais made deal to monopolize the presidency (no political parties) * Depression of 1929 caused a decrease in coffee prices= failure of “Old Republic” * Man selected from Sao Paulo to be president= Liberal Alliance formed=overthrow of Gov. and the dictatorship of Vargas (1930-1945) * “New State” (power of Gov. over the states) but still tried to reason with the civilians * However the demand for political participation caused violence and riots=ABSOLUTE POWER * 1935 National Security Law (police state) * Promote industrialization.. Brazil’s first steel mill(economic independence)

4. * Argentine War of Independence (1810-1818) Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against Spanish colonists * July 9, 1816 congress of Tucuman declare independence from Spain * Foreign economic dependency (GB..economic dominance rather than political control) * Depression of 1929 stopped international trade= economic colonialism * All power was to elites and military strongmen (Conservatives 1889-1890) * Rigged elections * Inefficient * Corrupt (interest in large land owners and foreign capitalists) * Led to demand for political participation and mass mobilization * 1892 protest movement by Radical Civic Union with leader Yrigoyen * Won 1916 elections but were unprepared * Conservatives succeeded in 1930 * 1930-1943 “Infamous Decade” * Ended elite control of gov. * 1943 coup took over (turned to Juan Peron) * Made reforms/negotiations with working class

5. Was Brazil a nation-state? Was Argentina a nation-state?

6. Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 09 Feb. 2011.. Findley, Carter V., and John A.M Rothney. "Latin America's Struggle for Development." Twentieth Century World. Sixth ed. [S.l.]: Houghton Miffin, 2006. Print. "Getulio Vargas Biography - Brazilian Dictator and President." Brazil - Travel, Political and Cultural Information. Web. 09 Feb. 2011.. "Map of South America, South American Countries, Landforms, Rivers, and Geography Facts - Worldatlas.com." World Atlas including Geography Facts, Maps, Flags - Worldatlas.com. Web. 09 Feb. 2011..