1. DISCRIMINATION denying opportunities or rights because of prejudice (and racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)

2. I am open to marriage (or lifetime commitment) with someone from another racial group. Strongly Agree – 35.2% Agree – 37.6% Neutral – 18.1% Disagree – 8.0% Strongly Disagree – 0.9%

3. DISCRIMINATION denying opportunities or rights because of prejudice (and racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)

4. White House

6. Plantation Slaves

7. Whipped Slave

8. Work – Picking Cotton

11. Percentage of White students who described blacks as “ignorant”: 1933 – 38% 1951 – 24% 1967 – 11% 1982 – 10% 1988 – 6% 1990 – 5% 1996 – 2%

12. Percentage of Americans holding strong anti-Jewish attitudes. 1966: 33% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power” 2002: 12% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power”

13. Residents of the White House

14. McCain on Obama (from 4:40 – 6:40)

16. What does discrimination look like at work?

17. What story do you tell yourself about these numbers? White - 8.7 percent Black - 14.7 percent Hispanic - 12.2 percent Asian - 8.4 percent Native Amer. - highest Unemployment Rate June 2009

18. Researchers sent out 5,000 resumes that were identical except for the name. Group One Marianne Brett Greg Jill Anne Emily Amanda Neil Group Two Tamika Ebony Aisha Rasheed Kareem Julio Malika Sharnise

19. Those resumes with white sounding names elicited 50 percent more responses than resumes with black/brown sounding names: 1:10 vs. 1:15 What response would people receive who are named Ahmed, Ali, Reza, Abdullah, Maryam, or Nura?

20. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Issue: –Over 2 million people are currently incarcerated in U.S. –95% of all inmates are eventually released –Over 12 million ex-felons live in the U.S. Roughly 8% of the working-age population Research Question What are the employment outcomes of black and white men when they have a criminal record?

21. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Methodology –matched pairs of individuals (“testers”) applied for real jobs –test whether employers respond differently to applicants on the basis of race and criminal record Four Testers: two black - two white –23 years old –matched exactly on appearance, style of presentation, and personal background

22. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” The white and black men took turns claiming to have a criminal record –Felony drug charge (possession with intent to distribute cocaine) –18 months in prison Out of 350 job possibilities, which group (white or black) received the most call backs?

23. “The Mark of a Criminal” Percent Receiving Callbacks

24. In a replicated study using the same controls, Hispanics received less favorable treatment than whites 20 percent of the time.

26. What does discrimination in housing look like?

27. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 Tester studies regularly reveal that blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans routinely receive: -Less loan product information from banks -Less time with bank loan officers -Higher interest rate quotes

28. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 THEY ALSO REVEAL THAT: Blacks were twice as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan Latinos were 1.5 times as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan Blacks and Latinos routinely pay higher mortgage rates than whites with equal income, status, wealth, education, etc.

29. 60-80% of the black/brown housing testers faced discrimination when they go to a landlord or an apartment manager looking for rental housing compared to the white-paired partner. - According to research by Joe Feagin - 2004

30. Home Ownership and Race White – 75.8% Black – 48.2 Asian/PI – 60.1 Hispanic – 49.5 American Indian – 58.2 Other – 59.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau (2005)

31. Remember this? Affirmative Action for Whites? New York – New Jersey area: –67,000 low interest (GI Bill) mortgages were given to WWII Vets –Virtually no proof of eligibility was needed aside from being a vet –Virtually no down payment was needed 100 of these went to veterans of color –12 percent of veterans were of color –That is, about 7,000 loans were not received by people who should have received them in a fair world

33. How could the Obama presidency possibly alter this cycle? parentscreate wealth give their own children advantages children use advantages to create wealth children start their own households

34. Summary Indirect Institutional Discrimination: Cannot be seen or identified It is built into the system No one person is to blame The discriminatory act lacks intentionality

35. Prison vs. Dorms More then three times as many Black people live in prison cells as in college dorms 2.7 times as many Hispanics live in prison cells as in college dorms Twice as many Whites are living in college housing as in a prison or jail. Data: Bureau of the Census

37. How much discrimination actually occurs?

38. Muslims in the U.S. Muslims in the U.S. Is the glass half full or half empty?

39. 6 2213 Is the glass half full or half empty? What do you take from this video? this is what we’re arguing about.

40. Aren’t we all just a little bit racist?

41. How do you explain why more black, Latina, and Native American teens have babies out of wedlock than white teens? How do you explain why more poor teens have children out of wedlock than wealthier teens?

42. How do you explain why more black, Latina, and Native American teens have babies out of wedlock than white teens? How do you explain why more poor teens have children out of wedlock than wealthier teens?

44. Latent Prejudice

45. “Latent Prejudice” occurs when: people endorse egalitarian values and consider themselves non- prejudiced but… 1. harbor unconscious negative feelings about other groups 2. discriminate in subtle ways that people don’t even see or can easily rationalize away

46. Some statements and thoughts that seem to be racist are simply misunderstood sentiments. So if you send out an email in which you refer to a given black man as a “banana-eating jungle monkey,” you still have wiggle room and could say (with a straight face): "I have so many friends of every type of culture and race you can name. I am not a racist.” “But I am a banana eating jungle monkey” – Officer Justin Barrett, Boston City Police Department, who referred to Henry Louis Gates in this way in a mass email

47. Some latent prejudice is easier to explain away. For example: How might you explain NOT answering “strongly agree” to these statements?

48. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to adopt, I would be willing to adopt a child with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

49. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to adopt, I would be willing to adopt a child with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree – 27.2% Agree – 32.1% Neutral – 24.0% Disagree – 13.4% Strongly Disagree – 3.2%

50. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to use the sperm or the egg of another person, I would be willing to use the sperm or egg of a person with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

51. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to use the sperm or the egg of another person, I would be willing to use the sperm or egg of a person with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree – 9.5% Agree – 15.6% Neutral – 30.3% Disagree – 32.3% Strongly Disagree – 12.2%

52. But some latent prejudice is more difficult to justify: ONE STUDY OF LATENT PREJUDICE

53. QUESTION: Will white people offer assistance to people of color as readily as they assist other white people – and vice versa? White subjects thought themselves to be bystanders or witnesses an emergency The victims were either black/brown or white As solo bystanders, the race of victim did not matter But what happened when there were other bystanders present? They all asked themselves the following questions: –Will they help or should I? If they don’t help, does that mean it’s not really an emergency? If they all help, perhaps I don’t have to?

54. ANSWER They helped victims of color half as often as they helped white victims. Does this mean they’re racist? QUESTION: How about the helping behavior of People of Color? They helped white victims almost as often as they helped victims of color.

55. Learning from the Findings 1. Helping behavior increases when the victim is most like us or when we relate to the victim in some way 2. It also increases when we expect to see the victim again 3. People who are most likely to help others of different groups are people who have had greater contact with those groups - they saw “victims” as being like them

56. How will their lives be affected by the backgrounds of their friends?

57. How about these kids?

58. Or these?

59. What about poor white people?

60. According to the World Bank, about 170 million children in poor countries are underweight because of a lack of food. However, currently about 815 million people on the planet, or 13% of the pop, suffer from hunger and malnutrition.

61. White vs. “Colored” Poverty in the United States (2005) White = 16.2 million People of Color = 20.85 million ** In 1995, white people outnumbered people of color in terms of total poverty

62. Tammy’s Story

63. Discussion Questions For Students of Color: What do you think white people expect people of color to say about Tammy? What do you think white people want to hear people of color say about Tammy? For White Students: What do you think people of color will say about Tammy? What would you like to hear people of color say about Tammy?