1. Energy Transfer in Exercise

2. Immediate Energy zATP-CP stored in muscle zsprints zheavy weightlifting zevents < 10-15 seconds

3. Short-Term Energy zLactic Acid zAnaerobic Glycolysis  LA zIntermediate energy source zMaximal intensity for 60-180 seconds z400 meter run z100 meter swim

4. Blood Lactate Concentration 255075100 Blood Lactate Concentration Percent VO 2 max Untrained Threshold Trained Threshold Trained Untrained

5. Factors Related to Lactate Threshold zLow tissue O 2 (hypoxia) zDependence on glycolysis zActivation of FT muscle fibers zReduced ability to remove lactate

6. Training the Lactate Threshold zTraining can  threshold by 20-30% zgenetics ztraining effect of producing less LA ztraining effect of more efficient LA removal

7. Long-Term Energy Oxygen Uptake (ml / kg-min) 0 2 46 Exercise Time (min.) 8 5 10 15 20 Trained Untrained

8. Steady State/Rate zInitiation of Exercise zO 2 uptake rises exponentially zPlateau is reached between 3-4 minutes

9. Oxygen Deficit zQuantity of O 2 that would have been consumed had steady state been reach immediately

10. Oxygen Deficit zEndurance training  reach steady-state sooner  total O 2 consumption is    anaerobic component

11. VO 2 max zWith progressively demanding aerobic exercise, region where O2 uptake plateaus zRepresents an individual’s capacity for aerobic resynthesis of ATP zHelps determine one’s ability to sustain high intensity exercise for longer than 4-5 minutes

12. Energy Spectrum Duration of Maximal Exercise SecondsMinutes 10306024103160120 %Anaerobic 908070503515521 %Aerobic 102030506585959899

13. Energy Spectrum Maximal Exercise Time (minutes) Percent of Total Energy Yield 50 100 60 30 10

14. O 2 Dept Exercise Time O 2 Consumption O 2 deficit O 2 requirement Resting O 2 consumption Start Exercise End Exercise Steady-state O 2 consumption End Recovery O 2 Dept

15. Classic O 2 Dept (EPOC) Theory zFast component – represents O 2 required to rebuild ATP and CP zSlow component – removal of tissue lactate via conversion to glycogen or oxidation to CO 2 and H 2 O

16. Contemporary EPOC Theory zShort duration, light to moderate exercise  zRecovery O 2 serves to replenish high- energy phosphates (several minutes

17. Contemporary EPOC Theory zLonger duration, high intensity aerobic exercise  zMuch longer period of O 2 uptake zSome used for lactate  glycogen

18. Causes of EPOC following Heavy Exercise zResynthesize ATP and CP zResynthesize lactate to glycogen zOxidate lactate in energy metabolism zRestore O2 to blood zThermogenic effects of elevated core temp. zThermogenic effects of hormones zEffects of  HR, ventilation, & other functions.

19. Recovery zSteady state aerobic exercise or 5 to 10 second bouts of maximal exercise  not lactate accumulation  recovery is rapid zFast component

20. Recovery zLonger periods of anaerobic exercise  zLactate accumulation zFast and slow components

21. Recovery zExercise at 50% of VO 2 max can be continued at steady-state w/o build up zAt 60-75% of VO 2 max – no steady-state  lactate accumulates zLactate removal is accelerated by aerobic exercise