1. Maslow Rogers Egan and Counselling
Two theories and two methods

2. What is Counselling? Group exercise
“How does it differ from some of the other methods used in Social Care?”

3. British Association of Counselling definition
“When a person occupying regularly or temporarily the role of counsellor offers and agrees explicitly to give time attention and respect to another person or persons who will temporarily be in the role of client”

4. Key aspects are that the person
Explicitly consents to occupy the role of being counselled
The counsellor explicitly negotiates the role of being the counsellor
The client voluntarily agrees to or request the counselling – no one can be sent for counselling
Boundaries of confidentiality are explicitly agreed – these are different boundaries form those that may apply on Social Care in general
There is a private and confidential setting set aside for the sessions

5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

6. Carl Rogers He believed that we have two fundamental needs
1 For positive regard. He thought each of us needs to be seen positively by others. People may settle for respect or approval. A loving relationship may be more fulfilling but it is not necessary. The absence of positive regard will lead to psychological harm
2 Need for Self Actualisation - we are all engaged in processes involving learning developing skills. This desire to make the best of one's abilities and talents is a basic need.

7. Core conditions for Human Growth
Genuineness or congruence
Unconditional Positive Regard
Empathy

8. Egan’s Three Stage Skills Model of Helping

9. Stage 1: Exploration. This involves the helper/worker in assisting the person to explore areas of concern so that they become clear
Stage 2: Developing new understanding. In stage 2 the helper's role is to enable the person to see him/herself from new perspectives and to develop deeper understanding.
Stage 3: Action. In the third stage, the helper's role is to assist the person to translate the goals previously identified into specific action plans

10. Exercise
One person act as client, one as worker or therapist, and one observe. Each person identifies something about their life that is a problem and that you would like to change. Make sure you feel OK about talking about this issue with your colleagues.
Each pair works together for five minutes – the observer times this. The task of the observer is to identify the skills used by the therapist.

11. Review discussion What skills were identified
Did you tend to use Egan’s model or
Roger’s Approach
What are the benefits of the two different kinds of Approaches?

12. Conclusion
Looked at two theories – Maslow and Rogers – both covered in Care in Practice
Worked on Egan’s Three Stages Skill Model – a method
Looked at the skills of counselling methods – you have a handout about this