1. Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity Chapter 8

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-2 Race: Myth & Reality Race as “reality” A group with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group. Race as a social concept A means of classifying people Racial Superiority

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-3 Ethnic Groups “Ethnicity” and “ethnic”: cultural characteristics

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-4 Minority & Dominant Groups Minority Groups A group of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination Dominant Groups A group that practises discrimination against the minority groups

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-5 Shared Characteristics of Minorities Wagley & Harris (1958) Membership ascribed involuntarily at birth Traits that distinguish the minority group held in low esteem by dominant group Are treated unequally by the dominant group Tend to marry within their own group Do not feel strong group solidarity

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-6 Prejudice, Discrimination, & Racism Discrimination An action; unfair treatment directed at someone Prejudice An attitude; leads to unfair treatment of others Racism Discrimination on the basis of race

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-7 Individual & Institutional Discrimination Individual Discrimination The negative treatment of one person by another Institutional Discrimination Routine, broad patterns of discrimination The focus of sociology

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-8 Theories of Prejudice Psychological Perspectives Frustration and Scapegoats John Dollard The Authoritarian Personality Theodor Adorno

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-9 Theories of Prejudice Sociological Perspectives 1. Functionalism Muzafer & Carolyn Sherrif (1958) 2. Conflict Theory Dual labour market & Reserve labour force 3. Symbolic Interactionism Labels Selective Perception Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-10 Theories of Prejudice (cont.) 4. Feminism: multiracial feminism and inequality put forward by women of colour. They argue white men and women oppress lower-class women and men of disadvantaged races and ethnicities. 5. Postmodernism, ethnicity, & cultural identity 6. Postcolonialism, ethnicity, & cultural diversity

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-11 Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations Genocide Compartmentalize Population Transfer Ethnic Cleansing Internal Colonialism Segregation Assimilation Multiculturalism (Pluralism)

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-12 Patterns of Intergroup Relations

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-13 Major Classifications in Canada Native Peoples The Two “Charter” Groups French English Other Ethnic Groups in Canada

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-14 Ethnic Composition of Canada

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 8-15 Looking Toward the Future Political autonomy / independence of Quebec Racial & ethnic diversity