2. Chateau des Charmes Electronic Fieldtrip jlettier@polytech.k12.de.us

3. The Wine Cellar Grapes are placed inside the grape crusher where stems are first removed. Next, the heterogeneous mixture is transferred to the bladder press where the grapes are crushed to release juices high in? Fructose C 6 H 12 O 6

4. At the bladder press, the skins of the grapes are removed to produce white wines. Red wines contain skins reintroduced back into the mixture after pressing. Red wines taste bitter due to tannins from the skins. The chemical name for tannin is? C 76 H 52 O 46 Tannic Acid

5. After pressing, the wines are placed into giant holding tanks. Here, yeast is added and fermentation begins. What is produced in fermentation? Red Wines Blush Wines C 6 H 12 O 6  2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 yeast glucose ethanol carbon dioxide

6. After being exposed to tannins, red wines are transferred to barrels while the white and blush wines age inside of fermentation tanks such as this one. How many liters does it hold? 1000gallons = 3785L Wow!!

7. Red wines are placed inside of these barrels for periods ranging from 6-9 months. The temperature must remain 55-60°F or conditions may become favorable for unwanted bacteria to grow rapidly through binary fission! How rapidly? >500 strands/12hr!! Yuck!

8. After months of aging, wines are pumped from the cellar to the animated bottling room. Here, bottles are first sterilized then the wine is poured in and sent to the corking machine. Who discovered fermentation? Louis Pasteur

9. The bottles are filled with nitrogen gas N 2 to ensure no air containing bacteria is introduced into the wine. The wine is finally corked and sealed for freshness to keep out unwanted bacteria. How long does the entire process take? 10-18 months Whites = short time Reds = longer time

10. Stacked on top of these crates are cases of Ice Wine ready for shipment to Japan & Asia-the largest consumers. Ice Wine is a rare and expensive desert wine that is produced only in two areas of the world! Why? Perfect Climatic Conditions! Climate? Ice Wine?

11. Making Champagne This bottle of Champaign was produced last year. Champagne is made from the Chardonnay grape. The only difference between Chardonnay -a white wine- and Champagne is? Chardonnay +  Champagne CO 2

12. Champagne, unlike other wines is aged inside the bottle. The bottles must be rotated with the bottle neck pointed down 1/3 turn every 8 hours. This machine automatically accomplishes that task. Why are Champagne bottles rotated?

13. Once the debris is concentrated at the neck of the bottle it is removed. How is the debris removed without allowed carbon dioxide (bubbles) to escape? N 2 (l) Liquid Nitrogen! -196°C Wow! That’s Cold! Debris removed?

14. Wine Tasting Steps 1Hold the glass up at an angle into the light and check for clarity-should appear clear, some debris is normal. 2Swirl the wine and check for the legs. This step releases the esters that produce aromas characteristic to the wine. -The longer they hang before falling, the higher the alcohol content. Ester?

15. 3Smell the bouquet -Think of fruity smells.fruity smells 4Cleans the palate-Take a small/quick drink. 5Chew the wine-Take a small amount and move inside the mouth like mouthwash, thinking of different aromas characteristic to the wine. 6Now make a selection!

16. Wine Links Course in Wine Course in Wine Chemical Analysis of Wine Chemical Analysis of Wine Tasting Wheel Wine Tasting Wheel Breath Alcohol Analysis Breath Alcohol Analysis Fermentation Activity Fermentation Activity Wine Tour & Tasting Wine Tour & Tasting Wine News Wine News How is Wine Made How is Wine Made Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur