1. THE 1920s: AN UNSETTLED DECADE

2.  What are some of the things our country will have to do to adjust to Postwar life?

3.  THE TRANSITION TO PEACE  Demobilization ▪ Process of returning to peacetime status  4.5 million soldiers returned  Women in the workforce  Businesses begin layoffs  Prices/Unemployment rose  Wages fell  Caused a recession: slowdown of economic activity

4.  Economy gets worse  Strikes to increase pay  1919 – more than 3600  Seattle, WA  60,000 workers strike  Mayor calls it an attempted revolution ▪ 2,500 Deputized police and state militia called in ▪ Shoot anyone causing problems ▪ After 5 days it ended: no demands met

5.  Pittsburgh, 250,000 Steelworkers  Better pay, conditions, and 8 hr. workday  Company accused strikers of being Anti- American radicals  Hired scabs and armed guards  Jan. 1920, 20 workers were killed  Union called off strike

6.  Boston Police Strike  19 officers fired  Looting and violence due to less police working  2 died/ 9 wounded  Gov. Coolidge used State Militia  New hires given better wages/hours

8.  Communists = Reds  Communists defined society as a struggle between two classes  1. Workers  2. Bourgeoisie  Strikers seen as Reds or..

9.  U.S. leaders fearful that American way of life was being threatened by:  Communists  Socialists  Anarchists

11.  Newspapers: Strikers were Reds fault  Reds are everywhere  Several Bombings across the country  U.S. Attorney General Mitchell Palmer’s house was attacked  RESULTED IN THE PALMER RAIDSPALMER RAIDS

13.  January 1920  Raided different organizations  30 different cities  6000 arrested  Deported hundreds of immigrants  Xenophobia  Fear of outsiders (foreigners)

14.  Sacco and Vanzetti  Italian Immigrants charged with robbing shoe factory and murdering two people  Anarchists  Found guilty and sentenced to death  Evidence not conclusive Evidence not conclusive

15.  American Civil Liberties Union  Helped protest Sacco/Venzetti trial  Didn’t win

17.  African Americans targeted  Caused by economic tensions  Many moved North to fill Industrial jobs  Chicago, Ill ▪ Fights on the beach led to a riot ▪ 40 killed, hundreds injured  70 black men lynched in 1919