1. Human Growth and Development
Lesson 1 – The Reproductive System

2. Vocabulary
hormones – chemicals made in one part of the body that is released into the blood, that is carried through the bloodstream, and that causes a change in another part of the body; controls growth and development and many other body functions.
gonads – reproductive organs that make reproductive cells and hormones
1. Testosterone (testis) – growth and function of men’s bodies – ex. Facial hair, muscle growth
2. Estrogen (ovary) – controls growth and function of a women’s body – ex. Breast growth, curves

3. Chromosomes – long strands of matter located in cell nuclei; contain codes for all your inherited traits
46 total chromosomes – 23 from mother (egg), 23 from father (sperm)
a. A sperm and egg joining makes a complete cell with 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes
b. Every new egg and sperm combination is completely different than another

4. What makes you a boy or girl? 1. Egg/ovum always = X Sperm = X or Y
a. Males determine whether you are a boy or girl
b. X chromosome and Y chromosome
2. XX = girl XY = boy

5. Genes – tiny bits of information on chromosomes; influence heredity
Genes – tiny bits of information on chromosomes; influence heredity. Genes carry the codes or directions for a trait
Dominant – describes the stronger gene of a pair; this gene’s codes keep codes on the recessive gene from being carried out
Recessive – describes the weaker gene of the pair; its codes are “hidden” by the codes on the dominant gene
codes on the recessive genes are carried out only when 2 recessive genes are paired together
Inherited traits are called sex-linked traits – carried by the chromosomes that determine a person’s sex
Ex: color blindness is carried on the Y chromosome

6. Male Reproductive System
Sperm – contains 23 chromosomes
Testes (testicles) – produce sperm
Scrotum – houses the testes
Vas deferens – sperm delivery tube
Penis – male reproductive organ
Testosterone – male sex hormone

7. Female Reproductive System
Egg – contains 23 chromosomes
Ovary – produces eggs
Uterus – houses the fertilized egg
Fallopian Tube – egg delivery tube
Vagina – female reproductive canal
Progesterone and Estrogen – female sex hormones

8. Reproductive System Facts
The male reproductive system makes and stores sperm
The female reproductive system makes and stores eggs and carries out pregnancies
It is important to keep the reproductive area clean and dry because many diseases are caused by bacteria and fungus that like to live in warm, moist environments

9. More Reproductive System Facts
The ovaries are like the testes in that they both produce sex cells and hormones. These hormones are responsible for much of the growth and function of the female and male body.
A healthy adult male make several million sperm each day. Each sperm cell takes about 70 days to mature.
A female’s ovaries contain about 2 million immature eggs at birth. At puberty, one egg matures each month.

10. Male Reproductive System
Parts and pieces:
Testes, scrotum, and penis
Testes - produce sperm; also produce the hormone, testosterone.
Scrotum: external pouch that hold testes
Vas deferens – tube sperm travel through to get to urethra
Prostrate – gland encircling the urethra; plays part in semen production
Penis: external organ

11. Female reproductive system
Role is to produce eggs and if fertilized, nourish young until birth.
Parts and pieces: ovaries, uterus and vagina
Ovaries produce eggs
Fallopian Tubes pathway to the Uterus for eggs
Uterus: hollow muscular organ the size of a pear
Vagina: muscular passageway; birth canal