1. U.S. Assistance Programs Export Control Development
for
Export Control Development
I’m pleased to brief you on the United States Export Control and Releated Border Security – or EXBS – program.

2. U.S. Assistance Overview
Department of State:
Export Control and Related Border Security Program (EXBS)
Biosecurity Engagement Program (BEP)
Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)
Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
Department of Energy:
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Second Line of Defense (SLD) Megaports Program

3. The Export Control and Related Border Security (EXBS) Program
United States Department of State
Bureau of International Security
and Nonproliferation
Office of Export Control Cooperation
I’m pleased to brief you on the United States Export Control and Releated Border Security – or EXBS – program.

4. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Created in the early 1990s to:
Assist foreign governments in bringing export control systems up to international standards;
Establish capabilities to detect, interdict, investigate, and prosecute illicit transfers of WMD, WMD-related materials, and conventional weapons;
Exchange information about export control and border security “best practices”;
Support national efforts to fulfill UNSCR 1540 requirements.
EXBS Lineage
The EXBS program traces its history back to export control assistance provided under the US Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program in the early 1990s.
In 1996, the Department of Defense transferred responsibility for implementing this assistance to the Department of State.
With an infusion of funding from the Expanded Threat Reduction Initiative in 2000, the State Department signficantly expanded export control assistance and began providing related border security assistance under the EXBS program.
EXBS assistance is designed to help countries strengthen their export control systems and border control capabilities. This helps produce an improved capability to interdict trafficking in items of proliferation concern.
Under EXBS, we also consult and partner with other interested countries to share best practices.
Originally, EXBS focused on the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe but after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the US began to extend the program around the globe.
EXBS assistance also has contributed to countries’ efforts to meet the requirements of UNSCR 1540.
EXBS Training along the borders of Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

5. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program:
Funded and managed by the U.S. Department of State
Has sponsored bilateral and regional cooperative efforts worth nearly $400 million including:
Over 1,472 technical exchanges and workshops
$216.5M of inspection and interdiction equipment
Regional Conferences and Seminars
A Brief EXBS Overview
Since 1998, our program has been active in 64 countries around the world, and has delivered over 1,472 technical trainings and over $216.5M worth of specialized inspection and interdiction equipment to export control officials. Our office also sponsors annual conferences on export controls and transshipment that are attended by leading export control decision makers from our partner countries.
Interdiction Equipment Donation to Customs Officials

6. EXBS is active in over 60 countries with 20 resident advisors around the world
EXBS is active in over 60 countries with 20 resident advisors posted in U.S. embassies around the world.

7. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS program is implemented by drawing on the expertise of international and non-governmental organizations, foreign governments, the private sector, and U.S. Government Agencies, including:
U.S. Department of Commerce
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)
U.S. Department of Justice
EXBS Program Implementation
The EXBS program is managed and funded by my office at the Department of State, and is implemented by drawing on the expertise of international and non-governmental organizations, foreign governments, the private sector, and U.S. Government Agencies such as:
the Department of Commerce,
the Department of Defense,
the Department of Energy,
the Department of Homeland Security’s:
Customs and Border Protection
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
U.S. Coast Guard
the Department of Justice

8. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS works on establishing and strengthening
“five pillars” of export control/border security:
Comprehensive Legal/Regulatory Frameworks
Effective Licensing Procedures and Practices
Enforcement Techniques and Equipment
Government Outreach to Industry
Interagency Coordination
EXBS Program Objectives – Achieve Progress within the Five Pillars
The international export control community has identified five critical areas that need to be in place within a national structure to have a truly world-class export control system. EXBS offers courses, specialized trainings and seminars under each category, and we work closely with host-government officials and our US government interagency team to identify areas that can be most improved. The five key areas of export controls are (we will go into more detail on each point in later slides):
Comprehensive Legal/Regulatory Frameworks – enacting legislation and implementing regulations that give a country the legal authority to control the trade of sensitive items is at the foundation of every export control system.
Effective Licensing Procedures and Practices – to ensure that the legitimate trade of sensitive items is conducted in a controlled, safe manner, we provide trainings to licensing officers to impart important skills they will need on a daily basis.
Enforcement Techniques and Equipment – a good legal foundation is of little value if there are no mechanisms in place to inspect, interdict, investigate, and prosecute violators. A major element of the EXBS program is providing specialized tools and training to front-line enforcement officials, whether it be border guards working the green borders or customs officers at major airports.
Government Outreach to Industry – another critical element of an export control system is the establishment of outreach programs to raise awareness about national export control laws and policies, and to provide opportunities for exporters to establish relationships with regulators. Outreach programs are typically conducted separately by both licensing and enforcement agencies, and both are critical to effective outreach.
Interagency Coordination – the final key element is interagency cooperation throughout an export control system. It is crucial that licensing officers can communicate directly with technical experts at other agencies when they have a question about a particular piece of technology, and it is equally important that front-line customs agents have access to licensing and technical experts when they are confronted with a suspicious item.
The establishment of these basic export control elements is a multi-year effort that requires the attention of senior policy decision makers to ensure that they are carefully developed and once in place, that they are managed effectively. Under EXBS we can provide the critical guidance and practical support to make progress under each of these five pillars.

9. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS supports workshops and exchanges that facilitate drafting, adoption, and implementation of strong, comprehensive export control laws and regulations, including:
Basic Legal/Regulatory
Workshop
Implementing
Regulations Workshop
Model Law Workshop
Legislative Outreach
Capacity-Building Leg/Reg and Licensing Courses
Under the legal/regulatory, licensing, and outreach pillars, we offer courses that are typically delivered to legislators and export control practitioners to assist in establishing appropriate legal and regulatory systems. A few of these courses are listed here, and range from introductory topics on basic export control legislation, to advanced topics on brokering and catch-all controls.

10. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Countries that have recently instituted new export control laws or regulations, or have strengthened existing laws and regulations include:
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Mexico
Recent Successes Stemming from EXBS Leg/Reg Courses
This slide highlights major recent achievements by EXBS partners that range from major steps in drafting a first, consolidated export control law, to refinements to well-established existing laws, like strengthened penalties.

11. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS gives licensing officers the capacity to make well-informed decisions about which licenses to approve, through activities including:
National Control List Workshop
ASCOT (Analysis and Strategic Commodity Transfers)
Brokering Workshop
End/Use End/User Workshop (also relates to enforcement pillar)
No notes 11

12. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
The following countries have adopted or are working to adopt national control lists:
Singapore
UAE
Philippines
Mexico
No notes 12

13. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Tracker Automated Export Control Licensing System:
Deployed to 19 countries
Tracker 7.0 to be released July 2009
Tracker
In order to accomplish its core objective of non-proliferation, the Office of Export Control Cooperation (ECC) has overseen the development of an automated export licensing system called Tracker.
Licensing bodies can use the Tracker software to electronically review export license applications for dual-use and controlled items submitted by firms.
Tracker allows licensing officials to coordinate internal government analysis with associated control ministries, regimes, and regional organizations. In line with internationally-accepted best practices for licensing, Tracker provides greater transparency, ensures interagency coordination during the review process, and allows countries to advance from a highly-corruptible paper-based process to a more efficient electronic system.
ECC, under the Tracker Program, will help fund the development, training, and equipment procurement necessary for a country to have a fully operational Tracker system.
Tracker is currently implemented in 19 countries worldwide. EXBS is working to not only expand Tracker to other countries, but also to expand its use within countries to ports of entry with the release of Tracker 7.0 next month. Please contact ECC directly for more information about the Tracker program or visit trackernet.org.

14. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS works with Enforcement Agencies to:
Modernize border crossing points, and
Address basic and advanced customs and border enforcement techniques through:
Commodity Identification Workshop and e-Commodity Identification (e-CIT) Techniques
Land, Sea, Air, and Rail Interdiction Techniques
Targeting and Risk Management Workshop
Investigatory Techniques
Capacity-Building Enforcement Courses
Under the enforcement pillars, EXBS works with front-line border and customs officials to strengthen capabilities to detect and interdict smuggling activities. EXBS sponsors best practices exchanges and workshops as well as training that ranges from introductory topics on basic proliferation awareness to advanced topics such as targeting techniques and commodity identification. 14

15. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Capacity-Building Enforcement Courses
Here are two photos from two recent enforcement exchanges:
Nonintrusive inspection equipment and techniques
and
International air cargo interdiction techniques
US and Russian Customs officers in a group photo in front of a truck and container scanner demonstrated during the NII equipment visit at the port of Savannah, GA.
A delegation of seven Russian Customs officers visited the US May for technical discussions and demonstrations of Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) equipment. The visit was hosted by the Office of International Affairs of US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and supported by EXBS. The group visited the cities of Washington, DC; Savannah, GA; and Buffalo, NY for an intensive week of consultations and field observations of equipment used to inspect cargo for contraband (for example, illegal shipments of nuclear weapons materials, drugs, or arms) by means of x-ray and gamma-ray technology.
Nonintrusive Inspection Equipment Techniques
International Air Cargo Interdiction Techniques

16. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS has provided state-of- the-art imaging and advanced x-ray screening systems to countries to detect and interdict contraband:
Backscatter vans
Vehicle and Cargo Inspection Systems (VACIS)
Pass-through x-ray systems
Detecting Contraband
EXBS has delivered state of the art back scatter vans to Ukraine and Jordan in 2007 and Vietnam and Kosovo in 2008.
These advanced systems allow for the detection and interdiction of contraband, and as I mentioned earlier, have led to large seizures by customs and border officials. 16

17. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
EXBS provides advanced radiation detection and identification capabilities coupled with first-responders and incident response training:
Installed or upgraded radiation portal monitors at key land crossings and sea ports in 8 countries
Developed training courses with the VINCA Institute in Serbia on nuclear and chemical materials smuggling for customs and police officers in the region
Radiation Detection and Response
Last year my office provided advanced radiation detection systems at land crossings and sea ports in eight EXBS countries to help stem the flow of nuclear materials. As part of these systems, we provide incident response and first-responders training and work with our partners to institute internal response plans. In Serbia, we worked closely with the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Belgrade to develop training courses on nuclear smuggling for customs and police officers in the region. 17

18. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
Several scrap metal shipments turned back at the borders by Serbian and Macedonian Customs due to excessive radiation levels (2007 & 2008)
EXBS-provided Radiation Pagers alarmed, Customs officers stopped the shipments, isolated them and called in the experts
Chemical shipment to Iran stopped by Macedonian Customs (June 2008)
Manifest stated diesel fuel – viewed as suspicious
Customs inspection determined truck contained a toxic chemical
Customs isolated the vehicle, consulted with experts in Skopje and the U.S., then returned the shipment
Serbia and Macedonia were also successful in a joint seizure where several scrap metal shipments were turned back at the borders by Serbian and Macedonian Customs due to excessive radiation levels (2007 & 2008)
EXBS-provided Radiation Pagers alarmed, Customs officers stopped the shipments, isolated them and called in the experts
A chemical shipment to Iran was also stopped by Macedonian Customs in June 2008.
Manifest stated diesel fuel – viewed as suspicious
Customs inspection determined truck contained a toxic chemical
Customs isolated the vehicle, consulted with experts in Skopje and the U.S., then returned the shipment 18

19. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
Kosovo Customs intercepted ammunition smuggling (July 2008)
Stopped suspicious car at the border
Questioned driver and observed that inside back walls had been modified
Search turned up 17,000+ rounds of ammo hidden within the back walls
Kosovo Customs was also successful in intercepting ammunition smuggling (July 2008)
Stopped suspicious car at the border
Questioned driver and observed that inside back walls had been modified
Search turned up 17,000+ rounds of ammo hidden within the back walls 19

20. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Success Stories:
Inspection and detection equipment and training has led to numerous interdictions and improved overall contraband seizure rates significantly.
Serbian Customs officers employed EXBS-donated inspection equipment and techniques to stop and search a cargo truck, resulting in the seizure of over 160 kg of heroin. This was the largest drug seizure in the history of Serbian Customs.
Macedonian Customs confiscated 882 pounds of cocaine using EXBS-provided x-ray vans. Valued at over 50 million Euros, the seizure was the largest in Macedonian history.
Successes Stemming from EXBS Enforcement Trainings
Our program has provided over $216.5 million dollars worth of inspection and detection related equipment and training, and this has lead to a direct increase in contraband seizures. This significant increase in seizures correlates to increased customs revenues. Of particular note are two large seizures:
Serbian Customs officers stationed at Gradina Border Crossing (with Bulgaria) stopped and searched a suspicious cargo truck, resulting in the seizure of more than 160 kilos of heroin. Customs officers discovered the drugs hidden in a false compartment in the truck cab wall behind the driver’s seat. This was the largest drug seizure in the history of Serbian Customs.
Macedonian customs officials used EXBS-provided x-ray autovans to detect cocaine hidden in buckets of paint. This seizure was valued at over 50 million Euros (over $100 million USD) and is the largest seizure in Macedonian history. 20

21. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Improving Control over Green Borders:
Provided equipment to develop mobile border teams in Eastern Europe and the Balkans
Deploying modular buildings along borders between crossing points in Central Asia.
Deployed border monitoring sensors in numerous partner countries
Delivered cargo scanning equipment, heavy-duty cranes, and forklifts to various Afghan border crossing points
EXBS Enforcement – Equipment and Training
In addition to focusing on border crossing points, EXBS assists with strengthening “green borders” between points through provision of equipment and construction of modular units. 21

22. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Government Industry Outreach:
Government Industry Relations Forum
Internal Compliance Program (ICP)
Survey of Industries/Producers of Strategic and Dual Use Goods
Capacity-Building Leg/Reg and Licensing Courses
Under the legal/regulatory, licensing, and outreach pillars, we offer courses that are typically delivered to legislators and export control practitioners to assist in establishing appropriate legal and regulatory systems. A few of these courses are listed here, and range from introductory topics on basic export control legislation, to advanced topics on brokering and catch-all controls. 22

23. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Export Control Resources Available Online Soon
EXBS is working to make more export control resources available online, including guidelines and best practices on how governments can partner with industry to promote internal compliance programs.

24. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Recent EXBS program-sponsored multilateral events:
Tenth International Export Control Conference, June , Turkey
South Asia 1540 Workshop, June 2009, Sri Lanka
Tracker Best Practices Conference, May 2009, Poland
MANPADS Controls Seminar, April 2009, Morocco
UN Regional 1540 Workshop, March 2009, Qatar
OSCE Mediterranean Partners Seminar on MANPADS, October 2008, Vienna
Ninth Annual International Export Control Conference, October 2008, Croatia
OAS 1540 Workshop, May 2008, Argentina
International Transshipment Conference, May, 2008, Morocco
Multilateral Seminars and Conferences
In addition to our bilateral program efforts, we host regional and global activities to help further the nonproliferation dialogue with your neighbors. Recent examples include:
--Tenth International Export Control Conference, June 2009, Turkey
--Ninth International Export Control Conference, October 2008, Croatia
--International Transshipment Conference, May, 2008, Morocco 24

25. Export Control and Related Border Security
The EXBS Program
Export Control and Related Border Security
Looking Towards the Future:
Promote sustainability, including through:
Development of customs academy curriculums and
Train-the-trainer training
International coordination on UNSCR 1540:
Work with other governments on third country outreach
Conduct/support UN-led regional 1540 workshops
Encourage regional cooperation
Strengthen interagency coordination
Looking Towards the Future:
EXBS hopes to assist in building indigenous capabilities. For example, EXBS is currently working on projects to assist in the development of customs academy curriculums and train-the-trainer training.
EXBA also looks to increase international coordination on 1540 by working with Australia, the EU, Japan, and other donors. EXBS will continue to support UN-led regional 1540 workshops such as the one conducted last week in Sri Lanka and host harmonized export control law workshops. 25

26. Export Control and Related Border Security Contact the EXBS Program:
ECC Office Website:
EXBS Program Website:
For more information on the EXBS Program please feel free to visit either our Office website or the EXBS Program website where you will also find information on current and previous export control conferences. 26

27. Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)
Why:
Biological Threat Reduction
Where:
Global
What:
Awareness Raising
Pathogen Security
Safe, Secure, Sustainable S&T Development
Enhance Disease Diagnosis & Surveillance
How:
Engage Scientists, Institutions, Policymakers
Best Practices in Lab Biosafety & Biosecurity
Technical & Grants Assistance to Partner Countries
Bilateral and Multilateral Collaboration
BEP FY
DoS programs seek to address the nexus of biological threats from infectious disease, security challenges, and expanding dual-use capacity
The Biosecurity Engagement Program targets support for veterinary and public health advancements while seeking to minimize threats from bioterrorism by building sound infectious disease prevention, detection, surveillance, and response capacity
International partnerships remain critical, including regional and global, multilateral mechanisms to mitigate biological threats (BWC, UNSCR 1540, and the ASEAN Regional Forum)
FY09: $28 million worldwide
~ $6 million in ASEAN Region

28. Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)
BEP
Engagement
ONGOING:
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Why Southeast Asia?
Transnational terrorist groups
Requested assistance at high containment laboratories
Extensive pathogen collections
Laboratory infrastructure variable
Growing lab biosafety & biosecurity awareness/expertise
Legal/regulatory biosafety/biosecurity framework incomplete
Human/animal health needs/infectious disease burden
HPAI, ND, Anthrax, FMD, Brucellosis, Rabies, Ebola-Reston, Nipah, dengue, malaria, MDR-TB, melioidiosis , Japanese encephalitis, enteric diseases
Legal/Regulatory: assistance toward meeting obligations under UNSCR 1540, BWC, and WHO International Health Regulations

29. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)
Mission:
The Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP) seeks to deter terrorists and proliferant states from accessing chemical expertise and materials that could be used in a chemical attack.
Program Goals:
Raise awareness about chemical threat, dual-use nature of chemicals.
Provide assistance to improve chemical security and safety best practices
Foster national and regional dialogue on improving chemical safety and security
Promote and strengthen scientific cooperation among chemical professionals
Strategy:
Work with partner countries to assess priorities and coordinate with:
National chemistry societies
Regional chemistry societies (Federation of Asian Chemistry Societies)
International organizations (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)
- The Chemical Security Engagement Program is designed to deter terrorists and proliferant states from accessing chemical expertise and materials that could be used in a chemical attack.
- Now there are four major goals which we believe can help deter or make more difficult terrorists and proliferators from acquiring a chemical attack capability. They are to raise awareness of the chemical threat and the dual-use nature of some chemicals, provide assistance to improve chemical safety and security best practices, increase dialogue focused on this issue and promote scientific and scientist-to-scientist cooperation.
- I’d like to emphasize that an extremely important aspect of CSP when engaging countries is to work with and within existing institutions whether it be government, professional chemistry societies, other relevant regional groups or international-governmental organizations.

30. Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
Purpose:
Strengthen cooperation/collaboration among partner nations in building and exercising collective capabilities and resources in the overall global architecture to combat nuclear terrorism
Provide the opportunity for nations to share information and expertise in a non-legally binding environment
Bring together experience and expertise from the nonproliferation, counter proliferation, and counterterrorism disciplines and from international, federal, state, and local governments and private sector

31. Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)
U.S. and Russia Co-Chair Responsibilities:
Set priorities for GICNT
: strengthen detection and forensics, deny safe haven and financing to terrorists, deter terrorist intentions to acquire and use nuclear devices
Co-chair Plenary, Exercise Planning Group meetings
Coordinate Seminars, Workshops, Exercises via the Plan of Work
Assist in inviting partner nation SMEs to participate
Outreach to current 75 partners and prospective partners.

32. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Department of Energy / National Nuclear Security Administration
(DOE / NNSA)
I’m pleased to brief you on the United States Export Control and Releated Border Security – or EXBS – program.

33. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Threat
Networks of procurement agents, brokers, and companies systematically maneuver around and through national export control efforts to obtain commodities and technology needed for WMD development and production facilities
INECP Mission
Strengthen global efforts to prevent proliferation of WMD-related materials, equipment, and technology
INECP’s approach is based on identifying, training, and developing a cadre of technical/nonproliferation specialists in each partner country that can sustain that country’s export control system over the long term

34. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Strengthen global efforts to prevent proliferation of WMD-related materials, equipment, and technology
Proliferation Risk Analysis in the Licensing Process
Ensure the license review process competently assesses proliferation risks associated with end-uses and end-users, and ensure technical specialists are being utilized
Government Outreach and Enterprise Compliance
Assist governments to establish outreach programs and promote enterprise compliance at key enterprises and technology holders
WMD-related Commodity Identification Training and reach-back for Customs
Ensure enforcement personnel are sensitized to WMD-related materials and equipment, and have access to technical/analytical resources and support
MISSION
AREAS OF ENGAGEMENT

35. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)

36. Three Pillars of INECP activity
International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Three Pillars of INECP activity
Major Activity
Who
Why
What
LICENSING
Licensing Officers and Analysts
Need to conduct competent proliferation risk analysis in the licensing process
End Use and End User Analysis Training (EUEU)
COMPLIANCE
Managers of public sector & legacy WMD enterprises, labs, manufacturers, etc.
These major technology holders are targets of opportunity for proliferants
Enterprise Outreach
ENFORCEMENT
Customs Officers and other enforcement personnel
Widespread ignorance regarding strategic commodities
Commodity Identification Training (CIT)
To begin a closer look at INECP’s curriculum development efforts, it’s worth refreshing our memory about the audiences and rational behind work in the three main pillars of activity.

37. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Spotlight on Enterprise Outreach
Our unique value added
Implementing compliance programs at US National Labs
Intangible technology control
Technical understanding of the control lists, commodities, WMD programs, acquisition networks
Our niche
Public sector, tertiary enterprises and legacy WMD sectors (nuclear, missile, chemical, biological)
Value Added
Draw attention to italicized bullet—while other agencies can claim understanding of tech controls, lists, etc., DOE experience in implementing ICP programs is unique among US agencies.
Niche
There’s a natural match between state-owned business and the Labs, because despite partnerships/investments with private entities, public-sector business ultimately answer to Rosatom, DRDO, or other government agencies just as the Labs ultimately answer to DOE, despite many and varied links to private businesses, universities or other.
INECP is also especially well qualified to conduct outreach for enterprise managers and responsible gov agencies who take the job seriously, since we are able to share with those officials at some level of detail the actual potential use of a TL or DU item in a weaponization process (remember the value of combining control list knowledge with threat on the previous slide?).
This makes the content of a training intended to strengthen internal compliance programs more meaningful to the participants. By contrast, the DOC takes a more “cookie cutter” approach to its contracted trainings to create ICPs.
Our flexibility has always been vital, even in the FSU, where we’ve varied content, length, and the (partner) government reps involved in the workshops. We’re able to be responsive to partner government requests because we have a broad set of applicable presentations to draw on based on identified needs or outside requests, and because our relationship with the Labs makes for (relatively) easy staffing, usually even on short notice. These factors allowed us to work with ROK to hold a large and very successful workshop for Korean manufacturers of controlled goods.

38. International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)
Spotlight on Commodity Identification Training (CIT)
CIT gives inspectors “a trained eye” by familiarizing them with the materials, components, and equipment sought by WMD procurement programs
CIT simplifies export control lists by grouping items into technology “bundles” and by aiding recognition through a focus on physical appearance, using pictures and demonstration kits:
Equipment
Fabricated Parts and Components
Electronics (Components and Equipment)
Industrial Equipment
Systems and Subsystems
Materials
Structural Materials (metals and non-metals)
Special Materials (Nuclear, Chemical, Biological)
Indigenization strategy
INECP follows a disciplined indigenization approach based on our technical partnerships to establish ongoing training programs and reachback capabilities
CIT deployment is underway in 25 countries

39. U.S. Department of Energy Second Line of Defense (SLD) Megaports Initiative

40. Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Misson: To provide equipment, training, and technical support to international partners to enhance their ability to deter, detect, and interdict illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive materials in the global maritime system.
Strategy: Engage high priority ports using a prioritization model that factors in threat (25%) and volume (75%)
Scan containers at high volume ports
Scan containers at high risk ports
Scan US-bound containers in conjunction with imaging operations to support DHS’ Container Security Initiative (CSI) and Secure Freight Initiative (SFI)
Goal: Screen as many containers as possible (including imports, exports, and transshipments) regardless of destination and with minimal impact to port operations

41. Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Project Scope
Equipment operated by host country personnel
Typical Activities funded by DOE/NNSA:
Radiation detection equipment and its installation
Cost share for additional ports
Associated cameras, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), License Plate Recognition (LPR) technology, and its installation, as appropriate
Computer equipment and associated communications systems for Central Alarm Systems
Installation of equipment at Regional or National training centers
Training in the use and maintenance of equipment
Technical support assistance
Maintenance and sustainability contracts
Vehicle monitor with OCR
Hand-held detection and identification equipment

42. Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Project Scope
Cost-Sharing approach pursued, where feasible
Host nation/private industry pays for design, construction, and installation, and in some cases, maintenance
Megaports provides equipment (including radiation detection equipment and communications hardware), software development, training, and in some cases, limited maintenance
Provide hands-on training and materials designed to address site-specific requirements
Develop training curriculum, operating procedures, and reference guides in host-country format/language
Establish indigenous training program tailored to existing capability
Promote a “Train-the-Trainer” approach
Central Alarm Station (CAS)
Materials Detected at Megaports installations to date include contaminated scrap and sealed radioactive sources

43. Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Progress to Date
Bahamas (Freeport)
Belgium (Antwerp)
Belgium (Zeebrugge)
Colombia (Cartagena)
Dominican Republic (Caucedo)
Greece (Piraeus)
*Honduras (Cortes) – SFI Pilot
Israel (Haifa) – Pilot
Jamaica (Kingston
Mexico (Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz)
Netherlands (Rotterdam)
*Oman (Salalah) – SFI Pilot
*Pakistan (Qasim) – SFI Pilot
Panama (Balboa and MIT)
Philippines (Manila)
Spain (Algeciras)
Singapore (Singapore) – Pilot
*South Korea (Pusan) – SFI Pilot
Sri Lanka (Colombo)
Thailand (Laem Chabang)
*U.K. (Southampton) – SFI Pilot
Operational Megaports (23)
Bangladesh (Chittagong)
China (Shanghai)
*China (Hong Kong) – SFI
Djibouti (Djibouti)
Dubai, UAE (Jebel Ali)
Egypt (Alexandria)
Israel (Ashdod)
Jordan (Aqaba)
Kenya (Mombasa)
Lebanon (Beirut)
Malaysia (Klang & TJP)
Mexico ( Manzanillo, Altamira)
Panama (Colon & Cristobal)
Portugal (Lisbon)
Spain (Valencia & Barcelona)
Taiwan (Kaohsiung & Keelung)
Implementation Phase (21)
Special Projects & Collaboration (2)
Qatar (Training Center)
Japan (Yokohama)
Over 25 other major international seaports in several locations are under negotiation
*SFI Port
Goal: Over 100 Megaports, scanning over 70% of global shipping traffic by 2015 and approximately 83% of U.S. bound imports shipped through these ports.

44. Megaports Initiative (SLD)
Summary
The Megaports Initiative enhances the ability to detect, interdict and deter illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive materials by providing equipment, training, and technical support to international partners
Radiation portal monitors, handheld identification equipment, a communication network and software allow partners to unobtrusively inspect cargo, as it transits through the port, for the presence and type of radiation
At the host country port, the Megaports Initiative implementation demonstrates that the system can be used effectively without a detrimental impact on commercial operations

45. Director, Office of Export Control Cooperation
Thank You
Yvette Wong
Director, Office of Export Control Cooperation
U.S. Department of State
I thank you for your time and should you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you! 45