1. SECTION 1 The Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) (pg 349-353)
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16
SECTION 1
The Iberian Peninsula
(Spain & Portugal)
(pg )

2. IBERIAN PENINSULA
Only 8 miles separate Morocco, Africa from the Iberian Peninsula at the Strait of Gibraltar
Spain and Portugal
Pyrenees Mountains and the microstate Andorra separates it from France

3. Andorra Spain surrounded by water = great sea faring country Pyrenees
Africa
Spain

4. Spain HISTORY & GOVERNMENT Analyze how past events have affected Spain.
700 AD- Arabic people from Africa called Moors invaded Iberia (brought Islamic religion, irrigation, new crops)
1492-Moors forced out by Christians
1500’s – use navy to build world wide empire
1800’s – lost most of empire, fought many wars
about monarchy vs. democracy = civil war in 1936
Francisco Franco rules as dictator of Spain
1975-Today-constitutional monarchy
(17 regions have autonomy or self government)

5. Spain PEOPLE & CULTURE Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Language: Spanish (Castilian, Basque & Catalan)
(dev from Roman Latin + Arabic)
Religion: Roman Catholic
Cities: Madrid, Barcelona
Culture: plazas, Moorish influence
(horseshoe arches, geometric designs, names of places-p 354)

6. Spain ECONOMY
Economy: clothing, ships, cars, tourism (traffic, pollution, overbuilding), agriculture (olive oil & wine, Valencia oranges)(corn, potatoes, tomatoes imported from their Am colonies)
EU: joined 1986 (with Portugal)

7. Spain ISSUES & CHALLENGES
Unemployment
Immigration
(North Africans looking for jobs-none found)
Independence
Movements
(Basques between Bay of Biscay & Pyrenees in northern Spain)

8. Portugal HISTORY & CULTURE Compare & contrast Portugal & Spain.
Roman rule
Moorish rule
Established colonies
around the world
Language: Portuguese (dev from Roman Latin + Arabic)

9. Portugal ECONOMY Government: Democratic EU: joined 1986 (with Spain)
Cities: Lisbon
Economy: tourism, cork, wine
Issues: Immigrants from northern Africa

10. SECTION 2 The Italian Peninsula (Italy) (pg. 355-359 )
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16
SECTION 2
The Italian Peninsula
(Italy)
(pg )

11. ITALY Sicily & Sardinia North boundary –the Alps
Known for architecture,
literature, music, painting, sculpture

12. San Marino
ITALIAN PENINSULA
San Marino – the oldest city and one of two microstate in the regions; 300’s – Christians seeking to escape persecution; 23 sq miles
The Vatican – smallest country in the world
(109 acres) (bank, post office, radio station)
Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
The Vatican

13. ITALY Roman Empire dominated the region’s history
Gladiator fights were population at the Colosseum

14. Italy HISTORY Analyze how Italy’s history has affected it’s culture
500 BC-Roman Republic (Rome one of 1st cities to have more than 1 million people)Spread laws, language (Romance languages-French, Italian, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian & Spanish), architecture, urban life, Christianity (Rome houses Roman Catholic Church in Vatican City)
Trade brought wealth (from new products and crafts) and new ideas (innovations)
400’s-collapse of Western Roman Empire
’s-Renaissance “rebirth” (daVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael)
1861-Italy becomes a united country
WWI-fought with Allies (US, Eng, France)
1920-rise of Benito Mussolini
WWII-fought with Axis powers (Italian Benito Mussolini allied with German Adolf Hitler)
1943-Mussolini overthrown
1943-Today-Democracy with changing governments
1958-help found the EU (one of 6 founding countries in Benelux, Italy, France Germany)

15. Italy PEOPLE & CULTURE
Language: Italian (North-French, German, Slovene)
Religion: Roman Catholic
Cities: Rome on Tiber River (political & cultural center)
Government: Democracy (no political majority =50 governments since WWII)
Food: pastas, pastries, sauces, sausages (developed during Renaissance)
Main meal at middle day, siesta, spend time with family & friends end of the day

16. Describe what Italy is like today.
NORTH & SOUTH
Describe what Italy is like today.
North Italy – rich and industrialized
North-Po River Valley=
good farmland =
“breadbasket of Italy”
Today known for fine Leather & sports cars
South Italy – poor and agriculture
high poverty & unemployment, poor economy, soil erosion & deforestation; olives, citrus, grapes; less industry
Sicily is where much of the food we enjoy comes from
Where the mob comes from as well
South Italy
North Italy

17. Italy ISSUES & CHALLENGES
Southern Economy needs to be improved
Aging Population (low birthrates, no young workers to replace older ones, immigration adds to population)
Pollution (traffic-limits # of trucks that can drive through historic center, smog, wear and tear to monuments)

18. When bad goes good.
Tower of Pisa
Venice Italy

20. Greece & the Balkan Peninsula
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16
SECTION 3
Greece & the Balkan Peninsula
(Albania Bulgaria Romania Moldova Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Slovenia Macedonia Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina,)
(pg )

21. GREECE Surrounded by the Aegean, Crete, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas
Europe’s earliest and most advanced civilizations
The Olympics (near Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest peak) and Marathons were started here, as well as Math and Democracy
City-state – powerful self-governing cities
Parthenon built in 400 B.C. to Greek goddess Athena

22. Greece HISTORY History of foreign rule: Persians Romans Turks
Independence (1829)
Civil War (after WWII)
Democratic Government (1974)

23. Greece CULTURE, ECONOMY, ISSUES
Language: Greek
Religion: Greek Orthodox Christian
(They had different views on topics such as the use of images (icons), the nature of the Holy Spirit, and the date on which Easter should be celebrated. Greek East has always tended to be more philosophical, abstract and mystical in its thinking)
Food: baklava (Turkish food)
Economy: move from agriculture to industrial
EU: joined 1981
Challenges: illegal immigrants from Albania, traffic, pollution (smog)
Economic Issues

25. BALKAN PENINSULA
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Macedonia. Outer region; Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, and coming soon Turkey
This region has a large mix of ethnic enclaves
A region completely surrounded by another region

26. Balkan Countries HISTORY
WEST BALKANS
Ottoman Turks
Independence–form Yugoslavian monarchy
Soviet Union control until 1980
Fights for independence
EAST BALKANS
Romans
Byzantines
Ottoman Turks
Independence –late 1800s
Soviet Union control until 1990s