1. Greece
(1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.)

2. Early People of the Aegean

3. Minoans An ancient civilization that flourished on Crete
Based on trade, not conquest
Palace at Knossos
Vanished by 1400 B.C.

4. Knossos, the Minoan Palace

10. Mycenae Invaders who helped destroy Minoan civilization
First Greek-speaking people of whom we have written record
Successful sea traders with wealthy warrior kings
Best remembered for their part in the Trojan War

11. Troy

13. Thick walls of a Mycenaean fortress.

15. The Mycenaeans collected hoards of treasure.
Mask of Agamemnon

16. Mycenean gold from shaft graves in Mycenae as displayed in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens

18. Polis Usually developed around a fort Covered a small area of land
Most had a population of fewer than 10,000
Only free adult males had citizenship rights
Had an agora, or marketplace

19. Geography of Greece
Mountainous, rugged land kept civilization divided into independent, often rivaling city-states
The seas were vital link to the world outside. Greeks became skilled sailors and traders.
Greeks carried ideas and culture wherever they went.

24. Early Governments Polis – city-state (acropolis & lower main city)
Monarchy – rule by a king or queen
Aristocracy – rule by land holding elite
Oligarchy – rule by small group (usually business class)

26. Changes in Warfare
Iron weapons replaced bronze ones (Bronze is typically 60% copper and 40% tin.)
Phalanx – massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers, required long hours of drill

30. Forces for Unity Sharing a common culture Religious beliefs
View of non-Greeks (barbaroi)
Olympic Games

31. Olympic Games Began in Olympia, a Greek city-state
Athletic contests honored Zeus
Helped unify Greece
Warring city-states would call a truce so that people could attend the games.

32. Mt. Olympus, Greece

34. Homeric Age Did not have a very advanced civilization
Epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, written by blind poet Homer

35. Sparta City-state of warriors A military state
Children began military training at 7 yrs old
Women were supposed to exercise and bear healthy children
Isolated from other Greeks

37. Athens
Athens symbolized freedom, art, and democracy. The city-state took its name from Athena, the goddess of wisdom and knowledge.
Sparta’s strongest rival, wealthy and powerful
Limited democracy
Solon, a wise and trusted leader made many reforms
Legislature developed later

38. Daily life in Athens Economy based on trade
Magnificent temples & public buildings
Great value placed on literacy & education
Ethics – deals with what is good and bad, moral duty
Rhetoric – study of public speaking and debate

39. The Parthenon

40. Amphitheater in Athens
Measures 80m in diameter and can hold 5,000 people. It was originally covered by a cedar roof. The orchestra and seating have all been restored so that the odeon can be used for concerts today.

41. Expansion of Greece

42. Persian Wars 500 B.C. Athens the wealthiest city-state
Persian empire threatening borders, taking Greek city-states of Ionia
Athens came Ionia’s aid when they rebelled against the Persians
Ionians fell but Athens now had a reputation

44. Darius I of Persia
Spartans throw a Persian envoy down a well

45. Greek Hoplites. The warriors are shown in two attack positions, with both an overhand and underhand thrust.

46. Marathon and more… “Remember the Athenians”
Athenians triumph over Persians led by Darius at Marathon
edsitement.neh.gov/Persian01_flash_page.asp
Darius’ son Xerxes came back, defeated the Spartans (Battle of Thermopylae) and marched to Athens
Athenians withdrew from the city and used their ships to destroy the Persian fleet
Forced Greeks to become more unified
edsitement.neh.gov/PersiaGreeceWars01.asp

47. Delian League
An alliance of city-states with Athens as leader

48. Golden Age of Pericles 480 - 431 BC
The years after the Persian Wars were a golden age for Athens
Pericles, a wise and skillful leader, helped the government become more democratic
Set up a direct democracy
The Acropolis was rebuilt with beautiful statues and new temples
Growing resentment from the other city- states

49. Pericles
Contemporary reconstruction of Athena.  The original was made of gold and ivory over a wood frame, was 30 feet high, and was located in the main inner room of the Parthenon.

50. “The Peloponnesus [Sparta] and Athens were both full of young men whose inexperience made them eager to take up arms.”
- Thucydides

51. Peloponnesian War Fighting between the Greek city states
Dragged on for 27 years
Sparta invades Athens, PLAGUE kills 1/3 of population
Sparta conquered Athens with the help of Persia
Ended Athenian dominance in the Greek world
map

55. The Glory That Was Greece