1. Chapter 11 Critical Vocabulary Section 1

2. Term #1 1. oracles – People who, it was believed could speak with the gods.

3. Term #2 2. prophecy – A statement of what might happen in the future.

4. Term #3 3. pancratium – A combination of boxing and wrestling in which no holds were barred.

5. Term #4 4. pentathlon – Athletic events consisting of running, jumping, discus, javelin, and wrestling.

6. Term #5 5. Philosophy – The study of the laws of nature and the love of wisdom ; the search for truth.

7. Term #6 6. hypothesis – A possible explanation of something ; educated guess.

8. Term #7 7. syllogism – A method of reasoning that uses three related statements.

9. Term #8 8. Zeus – In Greek myth, the King of the gods.

10. Term #9 9. Olympics – The most important athletic event in Greece.

11. Term #10 10. theater – The creation of plays by the Greeks usually tragedy or comedy.

12. Term #11 11. soliloquy – A talk by an actor in which personal thoughts and feelings are expressed to an audience.

13. Term #12 12. tragedies – Stories about suffering

14. Term #13 13. amphitheater – A large outdoor theater usually built on a hillside.

15. Term #14 14. Athena – Greek goddess of wisdom ; city god of Athens ; protectress in war.

16. Term #15 15. Ares – Greek god of war

17. Term #16 16. Artemis – Goddess of the moon

18. Term #17 17. Demeter – Goddess of crops ; giver of grain and fruit

19. Term #18 18. Hephaestus – God of fire and artisans; husband of Aphrodite.

20. Term #19 19. Hermes – Son of Zeus and messenger of mortals ; God of orators, writers, and commerce.

21. Term #20 20. comedy – A play with a happy ending

22. Term #21 Aphrodite - She was the goddess of love and beauty.

23. Term #22 Apollo - He was the god of the sun; patron of truth, archery, music, medicine, and prophecy god of war.

24. Term #23 Dionysus - God whose festivals featured dance and drama.

25. Term #24 Hera - Protectress of marriage, children, and home ; wife of Zeus.

26. Term #25 Poseidon - He was the god of the sea and earthquakes; giver of horses to mortals.

27. Chapter 11 Section 2 Vocabulary 1.Aeschylus – In 524 B.C. – 456 B.C., He was the author of Greek tragedies and the first to create a play. *From Athens

28. Term #2 2. Sophocles – From 496 B.C. – 406 B.C., he was the author of Greek tragedies; his play showed that people suffered because of their sins and mistakes. *From Athens

29. Term #3 3. Euripides – From 485 B.C. – 406 B.C., he wrote tragedies about people suffering because they did bad things. *From Athens

30. Term #4 4. Socrates – From 469 B.C. – 399 B.C., he was an Athenian philosopher who thought we could discover the truth by asking questions. In 399 B.C., he was on trial and found guilty for denying the gods, corrupting the young and trying to overthrow the government. He was sentenced to death by drinking poisonous hemlock juice.

31. Term #5 5. Plato – From 429 B.C.- 347 B.C., he was a pupil of Socrates. Plato recorded speeches Socrates made at his trial just before his death. *In 387 B.C., he set up a school called the Academy in Athens. He believed the wise and good should rule, not the political liberty. He wrote a book called The Republic.

32. Term #6 6. Aristotle – In 384 B.C. – 322 B.C., he was a pupil of Plato. He wrote more than 200 books and opened a school in Athens. He was known as “The master of them that know.” *He was the first to classify or group animals that were similar.

33. Term #7 7. scientific method – Process used by scientists for study.

34. Term #8 8. Hippocrates – He was known as the “Father of Scientific Medicine.”

35. Term #9 9. Herodotus – In 484 B.C. – 425 B.C., he was known as the “father of history.”

36. Term #10 10. Thales – He was the first known Greek scientist. He used Chaldean observations of stars, planets, and the moon to predict the solar eclipse of 585 B.C.. He developed the first two steps of the scientific method.

37. Term #11 11. mythology – A branch of knowledge dealing with myths, a legendary narrative that presents part of their beliefs.

38. Term #12 12. Fable - A story meant to teach a lesson; one in which animals speak and act like human beings.

39. Term #13 13. Political Science - The study of government.

40. Term #14 14. Orchestra – The space between the stage and the audience where the chorus performed in Greek plays.

41. Term #15 15. intellect – The ability to learn and reason.

42. Term #16 16. Socratic Method – Form of questioning developed by Socrates where each question was designed to make a person arrive step by step at a final conclusion or truth.

43. Term #17 17. classify – To group together *example – classifying plants or animals

44. Term #18 18. Hippocratic Oath – A list of rules that Hippocrates constructed about how doctors should use their skills to help their patients. *The Hippocratic Oath is still used all over the world in today’s society.