1. The Civil War Begins Strategy, Military, and Manpower

2. Crittenden Compromise last ditch effortlast ditch effort maintains slavery where it wasmaintains slavery where it was extends 36 30 (Missouri Compromise) line to Californiaextends 36 30 (Missouri Compromise) line to California - slavery allowed S. of the line of the line Fails! – war is inevitableFails! – war is inevitable

3. South Carolina Secedes Dec. 20, 1860Dec. 20, 1860 Why?Why? - election of Lincoln - believe Lincoln will end slavery end slavery “his opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. He declared, “Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free.”

4. Confederacy Forms SC joined bySC joined by Mississippi 1-9 Florida 1-10 Alabama 1-11 Georgia 1-19 Louisiana 1-26 Texas 2-1 February 1861February 1861

6. Jefferson Davis President of ConfederacyPresident of ConfederacyFYI - Black hawk war 1831 - cotton planter - member of US House of Reps - colonel Mex. Am War - Senator - Sec. of war for Pres. Pierce - Senator - inaugurated Feb. 22 1862

7. We feel that our cause is just and holy; we protest solemnly in the face of mankind that we desire peace at any sacrifice save that of honour and independence; we ask no conquest, no aggrandizement, no concession of any kind from the States with which we were lately confederated; all we ask is to be let alone; that those who never held power over us shall not now attempt our subjugation by arms. Jefferson Davis

8. Richmond Virginia

9. Alexander Stephens Vice President of the ConfederacyVice President of the ConfederacyFYI - lawyer - planter/slave owner - Georgia House and Senate - US House of Reps - voted against secession in GA convention

10. Lincoln’s Inauguration “no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union”“no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union” “I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”“I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.”

11. Fort Sumter Crisis 18611861 federal fort in Confederate territoryfederal fort in Confederate territory - Ft. Sumter Charleston, SC - Ft. Pickens Pensacola, FL Lincoln’s choicesLincoln’s choices - send in troop = aggressor - leave it to Confed = weak - chooses ½ way send in supplies

12. April 12, 1861 rebels attack the fortApril 12, 1861 rebels attack the fort 2 days later it falls to Confederacy2 days later it falls to Confederacy

13. Lincoln Reacts calls for 75,000 militiamencalls for 75,000 militiamen 4 more states secede4 more states secede Virginia 4-17 Arkansas 5-6 Tennessee 5-7 N. Carolina 5-20 April 19 calls for a blockade of southern portsApril 19 calls for a blockade of southern ports

16. United States Of America Blue, Yankees Confederate States Of America Grey, Rebels

17. Choosing Sides Robert E. Lee- VARobert E. Lee- VA Son of “Lighthorse Harry” Lee a Revolutionary Hero and married to a descendant of Martha WashingtonSon of “Lighthorse Harry” Lee a Revolutionary Hero and married to a descendant of Martha Washington offered command of the Federal forces (Union)offered command of the Federal forces (Union) decides he cannot go against his “country” (VA)decides he cannot go against his “country” (VA) He could not “raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.”He could not “raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.”

18. Choosing Sides- a House Divided! In every state except SC regiments were organized to fight in the UnionIn every state except SC regiments were organized to fight in the Union approximately 100,000 Southerners fought for the Unionapproximately 100,000 Southerners fought for the Union 1 of every 5 from Arkansas killed in the war fought for the Union1 of every 5 from Arkansas killed in the war fought for the Union In Texas German Americans opposed Secession and the warIn Texas German Americans opposed Secession and the war - Confederates send in troops to repress Union sentiment - Any German criticizing the Confederate cause was hanged, shot, or whipped shot, or whipped - killed 35 German-Am trying to escape to Mexico Confederacy kills several members of the Arkansas Peace SocietyConfederacy kills several members of the Arkansas Peace Society

19. 23 states including 4 border23 states including 4 border 22 million people22 million people 2x Railroads2x Railroads more industrymore industry produced 97% of countries firearmsproduced 97% of countries firearms more farm productionmore farm production more access to capitalmore access to capital 11 states11 states 9 million people (4million are slaves)9 million people (4million are slaves) Union Union Confederacy Confederacy Economic Comparison

21. navy grows from 90navy grows from 90 ships to 650 ships to 650 better leaders by end of warbetter leaders by end of war defensive wardefensive war knowledge of landknowledge of land more experienced leadersmore experienced leaders - strong military tradition - strong military tradition in South in South - Citadel and VA Military - Citadel and VA Military Institute Institute - West Point Union Union Confederacy Confederacy Military Comparison

22. Union Strategy Anaconda Plan 1.Blockade Confederate Seaports - choke off flow of foreign funds 2.Go after the Capital-Richmond 3.Penetrate the Heart of the Confederacy - take the Mississippi River - Divide the Confederacy

25. DefendDefend - the Union will give up and leave them alone Get support from EuropeGet support from Europe - GB and France - similar to Revolutionary War - believe King Cotton Diplomacy will ensure aid Southern Strategy

26. Coastline 3,500 miles Territory 750,000 sq. m

27. taxes - 1 st income tax paper currency - “greenbacks” - not backed by gold & silver - causes inflation borrowing - sold bonds to people - loans from banks 1 st attempt-requisition funds from states 1863 income tax borrowing - ineffectively sold bonds - could not convince Europe focused on paper money - huge inflation! Union Confederacy Financing the War

28. begins w/ voluntary recruitmentbegins w/ voluntary recruitment March 1863 Draft lawMarch 1863 Draft law -avoid draft by 1. hiring replacement 2. pay $300 fee begins w/ voluntary recruitmentbegins w/ voluntary recruitment April 1862 Conscription Act = DraftApril 1862 Conscription Act = Draft - white males 18-35 yrs - by 1864 17-50yrs - avoid draft by 1. hiring substitute 2. exemption of 1 man on plantations w/ more than 20 slaves man on plantations w/ more than 20 slaves Union Union Confederacy Confederacy Raising an Army

29. manual labormanual labor - building fortifications, digging trenches, etc… cooking, laundry, etccooking, laundry, etc last desperate measurelast desperate measure - passed conscription for 300,000 - war ended before used Union Union Confederacy Confederacy Use of African Americans originally excluded from waroriginally excluded from war After Emancipation ProclamationAfter Emancipation Proclamation - enlisted in army to fight fight - dig trenches and build fortifications