1. Effects of Drugs on Daphnia Michelle Dilgard Undergraduate Student Education Major Biology Concentration Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, TN 38505

2. Project Summary Problem: How do drugs effect Heart Rate? Using Daphnia is more appropriate Through the performing of an experiment

3. Introduction andBackground Introduction and Background Daphnia –Water Flea (Wong, 1997) Many studies have been done previously Drugs to be used –Caffeine (Foster, 1997) –Nicotine –Alcohol –Ibuprofen (Cluevers, 2003)

4. Objective I will observe the changes in heart rate of Daphnia when exposed to Caffeine, Ibuprofen, Alcohol, and Nicotine. I will have several separate samples of Daphnia in my study. Each community will be exposed to a different drug and observe how the heart rate of the Daphnia changes accordingly.

5. Hypothesis I believe the Daphnia heart rate will increase when the Daphnia are exposed to Caffeine and Nicotine. I believe the Daphnia heart rate will decrease and slow down when the Daphnia are exposed to Ibuprofen and Alcohol.

6. Methods Label containers Place Daphnia on slide Record Heart Rate Add experimental solution Record new heart rate Repeat Data Form

7. Materials Water Depression Slides Cover slips Droppers Daphnia Magna Microscope Watch Petri Dishes Daphnia Anatomy Chart Cigarettes 80 proof vodka No-dos Ibuprofen tablets

8. Expected Results I expect that the Daphnia’s heart rates will increase with Nicotine and Caffeine because both of these drugs are stimulants. I also expect that the Daphnia’s heart rates will decrease with Alcohol and Ibuprofen solution.

9. Benefits This experiment will show not only the effects of these drugs on Daphnia but also what they similarly do to the human body when it is exposed. Daphnia are used as a humane alternative to Humans when performing this type of experiment.

10. Timeline 9-6-06 ~ Title Due 9-13-06~ Literature Reviews and Works Cited Due 9-20-06~ Method Objective and Hypothesis Due 9-27-06~ Research Proposal 10-4-06~ Website 10-11-06~ Midterm Due 10-25-06~ Begin Experiment 12-6-06~ Final Presentation

11. Budget Petri Dishes- $5.10 Slides- $7.50 Cover Slips- $3.20 Daphnia- $10.95 Caffeine Pills- $7.49 Ibuprofen- $9.99 Cigarettes- $3.40 Vodka- $16.99 Pipettes- $10.00 TOTAL= $74.62

12. Works Cited Campbell, Anthony K., Kenneth T. Wann, and Stephanie B. Matthews. 2004. Lactose causes heart arrhythmia in the water flea Daphnia pulex. Comparative Biochemistry and physiological Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 139: 225-234. Cluevers, Michael. 2004. Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid. Exotoxicology an Environmental Safety 59: 309-315. Foster, Rachel. 1997. A stroboscopic method to investigate the effect of caffeine on Daphnia hear rate. Journal of Biological Education 31: 253-255. Wong, Diana C.L., Philip B. Dorn, and Eric Y. Chai. 1997. Acute toxicity and structure-activity relationships of nine alcohol ethoxylate surfactants to fathead minnow and Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16: 1970-1976. Wang, Helen Ying, Allen W. Olmstead, Hong Li, and Gerald A. LeBlanc. 2005. The screening of chemicals for juvenoid-related endocrine activity using the water flea Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology 74: 193-204. Villegas-Navarro, Arturo, Esperanza L. Ross, and Jose L. Reyes. 2003. The heart of Daphnia magna: effects of four cardioactive drugs. Comparative Biochemisty and Physiology Part C Toxicology and Pharmacology 136C: 127-134.