1. Northern Renaissance

2. Northern Renaissance: 1400-1500 Capitalism emerged in Flanders providing the wealth necessary to support the arts among the nobility and merchant classes Important secular architectural works of the 15 th century are influenced by Gothic church architecture International Gothic style dominates Northern European painting in the early 15 th century Flemish painting is characterized by symbolic layers of meaning applied to crowded compositions with high horizon lines Secular art becomes increasingly important Introduction of printmaking, first mass-produced art form, radically transforms art history

3. Northern Renaissance Oil paintings were both religious and secular Protestantism affects artists in the north / Flanders remained Catholic Landscapes, still life painting and scenes completely free of religious meaning became popular Distinctive use of space rather than perspective Symbolism more important than naturalism

4. Northern Renaissance Dominated by monumental altarpieces erected in cathedrals Symbolically rich compositions that evoke a visually experience along with a religiously & intellectually challenging interpretation Emphasis on minute details without diminishing the total effect Introduction of oil paint provides a new luminous glow to works Invention of moveable type brought about a revolution in the art world Artists could now produce multiple images allowing portability, affordability & widespread fame, instead of producing individual items.

5. Northern Renaissance In northern Europe, important Renaissance artists include: Albrect Dürer Hans Holbein Pieter Brueghel Early Netherlandish artists such as Jan van Eyck were innovators in oil painting and intuitive spatial compositions.

6. Renaissance Media: Oil Paint Oil paints were invented in the 15th century by a Flemish painter, Jan van Eyck. (Before oil paint, most painters used tempera paint, which dried very quickly and didn't allow the artist to make changes or corrections. The invention of oil paints allowed artists to paint much more realistically and experiment with different brushstrokes and styles.) Oil paint is a mix of ground pigments and linseed, poppy or walnut oil. Since oil dries slowly, artists could take more time to work on details and capture the textures of skin and fabrics. Oil paints could also be built up in thin layers which better reflect light. Oil paints could be used to create more realistic paintings. Oil paints remained the most popular kind of paint for 500 years until the invention of acrylic paints in the 1950s.

7. Northern Renaissance VOCABULARY Alterpiece Book of Hours Donor Engraving Etching Grisaille Polyptych Triptych Woodcut

8. Northern Renaissance Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece (open), 1425 Oil on wood

9. Northern Renaissance Jan Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece 1432, Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent, Belgium

10. Northern Renaissance Jan Van Eyck Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride 1434

11. Northern Renaissance Rogier Van Der Weyden Portrait of a Lady 1460

12. Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer Self-Portrait, c1500

13. Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer Adam And Eve, Engraving, 1504.

14. Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer Melancholia I, Engraving, 1514.

15. Northern Renaissance Hans Holbein the Younger The (French) Ambassadors,1533. Oil on Wood.

16. Northern Renaissance Hans Holbein the Younger The (French) Ambassadors,1533. Oil on Wood. The most notable and famous of Holbein's symbols is the skewed skull which is placed in the bottom centre of the composition. The skull is meant to be a visual puzzle as the viewer must approach the painting nearly from the side to see the form morph into an accurate rendering of a human skull. It is unclear why Holbein gave it such prominence in this painting.

17. Northern Renaissance House of Jacques Coeur. Bourges, France. (1443-1451 CE) The Ve1y Rich Hours of the Duke of Beny. Limbourg Brothers. Ink on vellum. (1413-1416 CE) The Merode AltaJpiece. Workshop of Robert Campin, the Master ofFlemalle.. Oil on wood. (1425-1428 CE) Ghent Altmpiece. Jan van Eyck. Oil on wood. Ghent, Belgium. (1432 CE) Arnolfini Wedding. Jan van Eyck. Oil on wood. (1434 CE) Deposition. Rogier van der Weyden. Oil on wood. (1435 CE) Portinari Altarpiece. Hugo van der Goes. Tempera and oil on wood. (c. 1476 CE) Garden of Earthly Delights. Hieronymus Bosch. Oil on wood. (1510-1515 CE) Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons. Martin Schongauer. Engraving. (1480-1490 CE) The Well of Moses. Claus Sluter. Limestone. Dijon, France. (1395-1406 CE) The Louvre. Lescot. Paris, France. (Begun 1546 CE) The Escorial. Herrera and Toledo. Madrid, Spain. (c. 1563- 1584 CE) lsenheim Altarpiece. Matthias Grunewald. Oil on wood. Colmar, Germany. (1510-1515 CE) Adam and Eve. Albrecht Durer. Engraving. (1504 CE) Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Albrecht Durer. \Voodcut (1498 CE) Self-portrait. Albrecht Durer. Oil on wood. (1500 CE) Four Apostles. Albrecht Durer. Oil on wood. (1526 CE) Battle of Jssus. Albrecht Altdorfer. Oil on wood. (1529 CE) The French Ambassadors. Hans Holbein. Oil and tempera on wood. (1533 CE) Hemy VJJJ. Hans Holbein. Oil on wood. (1540 CE) Return of the Hunters. Pieter Bruegel. Oil on wood. (1565 CE) The Burial of Count Orgaz. El Greco. Oil on canvas. (1586 CE)