1. Unit 2 – Principles of Health and Social Care
Understand the theories that underpin health and social care practice

2. Lesson Objectives Introduce theories of health and social care
Use explanations for the characteristics and circumstances of individuals to explain their growth
Analyse one theory in relation to yourself and development

3. What are theories? A set of related ideas
Help make sense of society and phenomena's
They structure and organise what we do and why
Different types
Human growth and development
Managing loss and change
Managing stress and behaviour

4. Human growth and development
Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological development
Jean Piaget’s (1936) theory of cognitive development
B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990) Behaviourism
Albert Bandura (1977) Social learning theory
Erik Erikson model of life stage development

5. Human growth and development
These theories are comprised with scientific understanding of biology, psychology and sociology.
Used to aid understanding on human life course.
Understanding timelines help to understand why people do things and how best to support them.
Socialisation influences our understanding of the world and behaviour.

6. Think about our own life course

7. John’s Case Study Read through the case study
Taking note of any human developments
Keep these and we will review throughout the lesson

8. Bronfenbrenner’s theory of ecological development

9. Ecological theory focuses on the impact that environment plays on the growth and development of an individual.
The Microsystem - refers to the environment in which an individual lives. This system includes family members, peers, religious communities, neighbourhoods and others whom the individual has regular interaction and direct contact with. It is a system in which an individual encounters the most social interactions, they are helping to create and construct the experiences they have.
The Mesosystem - is the interactions between the microsystems. The mesosystem could include experiences at home related to experiences at school, or experiences at school related to experiences at church. Much like the microsystem, the individual is not simply observing the things happening to them, but are playing an active role in helping create the experiences they have.

10. The Exosystem - is a system in which the individual plays no role in the construction of experiences, but these experiences have a direct impact on the microsystems the individual is part of. An example of this could include a husband being laid off and this lack of employment having a direct impact on the family's financial state and living.
The Macrosystem - is influenced greatly by the culture and society in which a person lives. The belief systems and ideology of the individual's culture influence the person directly. However, the individual does not necessarily have as much freedom in determining his or her surroundings. Some examples of these influences could include political or religious norms of the culture.
The Chronosystem - reflects the culmulative experiences a person has over the course of their lifetime. These experiences include environmental events, as well as major transitions in life. Some notable transitions include divorce, marriage or the birth of a baby. These transitions are major experiences in an individual's lifetime.

11. John’s Case What are the influences at Microsystem level
Exosystem level
Macrosystem level
How might John’s chronosystem affect his development?

12. John’s Case What are the influences at Parents, immediate family
Microsystem level
Parents, immediate family
Exosystem level
Local community – council estate, school and peers
Macrosystem level
Economic and political state
How might John’s chronosystem affect his development?
Moving between different relatives, stress of economic environment

13. Jean Piaget’s (1936) theory of cognitive development

14. B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990) Behaviourism

15. Albert Bandura (1977) Social learning theory

17. Erik Erikson
Read the hand out

18. Back to John Working in pairs:
How can you identify each of the theories within this case study?
Move around into new groups and share your theories

19. Apply one of the theories to your own growth and development
What impact has this had on your life development?

20. Managing loss and change
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross - five stages of grief
Prochaska and DiClemente's - Stages of Change Model for Social Workers
Social Learning Theory - Grief and Loss

21. Managing stress and behaviour.
Zubin and Spring - The Stress Vulnerability Model
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Theory of Stress
Diathesis-stress model

22. Reading Week
During reading week you will contribute to a forum DISCUSSION
Each student needs to research two theories
These need to be from different areas
Your task
Find a source which relates to your theory
Summarise the theory
Relate it to a case study
You will then need to comment on another students theory (who have researched the same as you)
Have you found the same information if not how
Is their source reliable
Ensure you each reference your information accurately and post any links where appropriate