1. The Disintegration of the Carolingian Empire

2. Louis the Pious Continued policy of monastic reform – Benedict of Aniane Two marriages, four sons – Rebellion Oath of Strasbourg Treaty of Verdun Fragmentation of trade networks

3. Disunity and Partition What were some of the reasons for the collapse of the Carolingian Empire? What were some of the consequences of that collapse?

4. Invasions Vikings Why did the Northmen begin to prey on their neighbors at about this time? – Population pressure; political reasons (Harald Finehair) How extensive was their reach? – Varangian Guard What made them so frightening? Raids led to invasions

5. Responses to Vikings Rollo, first duke of Normandy, 911 Plate 4.1 The Jelling Monument Alfred the Great – Danelaw

6. Fragmentation and Disorder Magyars: horsemen from Hungary – Battle of Lechfeld, Otto the Great Slavs and Avars – Conversion: Slavic Orthodox Church

7. Byzantium under Justinian

8. Byzantine Empire: 10 th century

9. Basil II’s conquests

10. Division and struggle Theme system: localized military support (7 th c onward) Central imperial government vs. local rulers (“Dynatoi”), 10 th century – Struggle for control over resources of countryside – Cities, which had gone into decline, had begun to experience a resurgence Sourcebook 4.2 Romanus Lecapenus Novel Iconoclasts vs. iconodules – Shifted in support with sympathies of emperors (Irene an iconodule) – Two outbreaks: 8 th century and early 9 th century

11. The Rus Originated with Scandinavian traders – Centered at Novgorod, then south at Kiev Bordered by Khazars (converted to Judaism) Converted to Christianity through Vladimir – Marriage to Byzantine princess, Basil II’s sister Conversions: – Polish to Roman Catholicicsm – Hungary to Catholicism – Khazars to Judaism – Bulgars to Islam – Rus to Eastern Orthodox Christianity 4.11 The Russian Primary Chronicle

12. The Islamic World Abbasid Dynasty (750- 1258) – Displaced Umayyads – Capital established at Baghdad – Arabian Nights (early 10 th century) – Islamic Renaissance Dissatisfaction, fragmentation – Fatimids in Egypt, Shi’ites Attacks on Sicily, southern Italy from North Africa; also southern France, Spain What were the results of these attacks? (hint: not all negative!) Shi’ites: imams, mahdi Toleration of Jews

13. The End of the World? Y1K: Apocalypse When Dhuoda’s manual to her son Cluny 910 Peace of God Characterize the mood of apocalypticism as the millenium approached. How did the corruption of the church contribute to this mood? – Takeover of church lands by local nobles – Simony – Papal office John XII